How does it all work?

1. SASS Synthesis of Arctic System Science Discover, clarify, and improve our understanding of linkages, interactions, and feedbacks among two or more components of the arctic system. How does it all work?

2. SASS - Synthesis of Arctic System Science • 1. Incorporate elements from the existing arctic data, information, and models • build on past research • integrate existing information. • 2. Focus on interdisciplinary, cross-cutting questions • improve understanding of how the system components function and interact. • explore linkages between Arctic and global system. • 3. Demonstrate clear relevance to the entire arctic system. • address a range of space and time scales • focus on system at a pan-Arctic scale • 4. Archive data and products into the ARCSS data system • identify repository • include data and metadata • 5. Coordinate Synthesis Efforts • within a project • between projects • across ARCSS activities SASS 1: 9 projects started 2005 SASS 2: 8 projects started 2006

3. ARCSS – synthesis workshops • Two weeklong interdisciplinary synthesis workshops. • in summer of 2003 and 2004 • focused on the changing Arctic system • Conclusions • The Arctic system is moving toward a new state. • A state with dramatically less permanent ice. • Few negative feedbacks between components.

4. Synthesis • A Synthesis of the Last 2000 Years of Climatic Variability from Arctic Lakes: ARCSS "2 kyr" Project • Freshwater Integration (FWI) Synthesis • Study of the Northern Alaska Coastal System (SNACS) • Human Dimensions in ARCSS Synthesis • Shelf-Basin Interactions (SBI) Synthesis Look for connections

5. Synthesis • A Synthesis of the Last 2000 Years of Climatic Variability from Arctic Lakes: ARCSS "2 kyr" Project • Freshwater Integration (FWI) Synthesis • Study of the Northern Alaska Coastal System (SNACS) • Human Dimensions in ARCSS Synthesis • Shelf-Basin Interactions (SBI) Synthesis • Greening of the Arctic - Synthesis and Models to Examine Circumpolar Vegetation Change • A Heat Budget Analysis of the Arctic Climate System • Synthesis of Arctic System Carbon Cycle Research Through Model-Data Fusion Studies • Humans and Hydrology at High Latitudes • Synthesis of Rapid Meltwater and Ice Discharge Changes: Large Forcings from Ice with Global Impacts • Sunlight and the Arctic Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean System • Heterogeneity and Resilience of Human-Rangifer Systems: A Circumpolar Social-Ecological Synthesis • Arctic Surface Air Temperatures for Past 100 Years:Analysis and Reconstruction of Integrated Data Set • Synthesis Modes of covariability Ocean-Ice-Atmos. in Arctic System from Multivariate Century-Scale obs. Look for connections

6. Synthesis • A Synthesis of the Last 2000 Years of Climatic Variability from Arctic Lakes: ARCSS "2 kyr" Project • Freshwater Integration (FWI) Synthesis • Study of the Northern Alaska Coastal System (SNACS) • Human Dimensions in ARCSS Synthesis • Shelf-Basin Interactions (SBI) Synthesis • Greening of the Arctic - Synthesis and Models to Examine Circumpolar Vegetation Change • A Heat Budget Analysis of the Arctic Climate System • Synthesis of Arctic System Carbon Cycle Research Through Model-Data Fusion Studies • Humans and Hydrology at High Latitudes • Synthesis of Rapid Meltwater and Ice Discharge Changes: Large Forcings from Ice with Global Impacts • Sunlight and the Arctic Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean System • Heterogeneity and Resilience of Human-Rangifer Systems: A Circumpolar Social-Ecological Synthesis • Arctic Surface Air Temperatures for Past 100 Years:Analysis and Reconstruction of Integrated Data Set • Synthesis Modes of covariability Ocean-Ice-Atmos. in Arctic System from Multivariate Century-Scale obs. • The Roles of Clouds and their Accomplices in Modulating the Trajectory of the Arctic System • Toward Reanalysis of the Arctic Climate System - Sea Ice and Ocean Reconstruction with Data Assimilation • Producing an Updated Synthesis of the Arctic's Marine Primary Production Regime and Its Controls • The Impact of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice on the Marine Planktonic Ecosystem - Retrospective and Future • Climate Response to Future Changes in Arctic Snow Cover and Sea Ice: from the High-Res. NCAR CCSM3 • The White Arctic: A Snow-Impacts Synthesis for the Terrestrial Arctic • Understanding Change in the Climate and Hydrology of Arctic Land Region: Synthesizing the FWI Results • Synthesis of Sea Ice, Climate, and HumanSystems in the Arctic and Subarctic (SYNICE) Look for connections

7. SASS 1 Review The Arctic System Rapid ice and meltwater discharge Heat budget Of the Arctic Surface air temperature Humans and hydrology Sunlight Modes of OAI covariability Human-rangifer systems Greening of the Arctic Carbon cycle What are the linkages?

8. Potential linkages of SASS projects Atmosphere Land Ocean Cryosphere Humans

9. Potential linkages of SASS projects Heat Budget Atmosphere Land Carbon Cycle Arctic Air Temperatures Greening of the Arctic Sunlilght/Sea-ice Human-Rangifer System Ocean-Ice-Atmos Covariability Ocean Glacier Melt Hydrology and Humans Cryosphere Humans

10. Potential linkages of SASS projects Heat Budget (Serreze et al.) Atmosphere Clouds; snow Land Carbon Cycle (McGuire et al.) Snow distribution Arctic Air Temperatures (Rigor et al.) SAT Incident solar; solar input to ice & ocean Biomass; LAI; Land cover Clouds; sea ice LSTs; snow melt Snow depth; Mag. & duration sea ice, SAT; OIA covar. Air temperature Greening of the Arctic (Walker et al.) Sunlilght/Sea-ice (Perovich et al.) Perennial Sea Ice Distribution; Incident PAR; net solar input Temperatures NDVI phenology OIA covar.; incident solar input to ocean Covar. NDVI; Sea ice; LST;OIA covar. Access to resources P-E; Runoff Human-Rangifer System (Kofinas et al.) Ocean-Ice-Atmos Covariability (Miles et al.) Freshwater release Ocean Global trends; regional patterns Biomass/Land cover; ET Snowmelt/ precipitation Water to support subsistence resource sea ice; SST; OIA covar. Glacier Melt (Fahnstock et al.) Hydrology and Humans (Lammers et al.) Runoff Cryosphere Humans

11. E The “Molecule” Time H W C The highest conceptual level

12. Synthesize and collaborate • What datasets will be built? • What are the variables, spatial and temporal coverage? • Are there common formats? • Shared access and links • What models will be used? • What system components will be studied? • What are the linkages? • What key questions can we answer? How does the system work?

13. SASS Synthesis of Arctic System Science • Relax • Don’t worry about structure • Explore beyond your expertise Have fun!