Construct Detailed Analysis: Entity Life History, Relational Data Analysis, Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagrams

1. Construct Detailed Analysis Identify the techniques employed in analyzing the information: a. Entity Life History b. Relational Data Analysis c. Context Diagram d. Data Flow Diagrams

2. Learning Outcomes: At the end of the teaching and learning process, students should be able to : • Define the Context Diagram (CD) and Data Flow Diagram (DFD) • Identify the Context Diagram (CD) technique in analyzing the information • Explain and demonstrate how to construct a Context Diagram • Draw Context Diagram as a case study based on the situation given

3. CONSTRUCT DETAILED ANALYSIS ANALYSIS PHASE CONTEXT DIAGRAM

5. SEE THE FIGURE BELOW…. FIGURE A KEEP IN YOUR MIND

6. SEE THE FIGURE BELOW AGAIN…. FIGURE B

8. Context Diagram (cd) • The top level of DFD is called a context diagram. • Context diagram is also known as Environmental Model. • It shows the system at an overview level. It defines the scope and boundary for the system and project. • This is a very important step in the concept of modeling because it specifies whether the system, which is understudy, interacts with other systems outside the model or not.

9. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD) • The simplest process model of a system is based on inputs, outputs and the system itself – viewed as a process. The process symbol defines the boundary of the system. The system is inside the boundary; the environment is outside that boundary. • Because the environment is always changing, well-designed systems have a feedback and control loop to allow the system to adapt itself to changing conditions. • DFD is also known as Process Model. • DFD is a data flow analysis approach uses some symbols to create a pictorial representation of data movement within the system. • DFD is a data flow analysis approach uses some symbols to create a pictorial representation of data movement within the system.

10. ELEMENTS INVOLVED

11. To construct a Context Diagram • Start by drawing the process symbol to represent the whole system. Name the process using the system name. This symbol’s identification is known as process 0. • Place the external entities involved in the system near by the process 0. • Use a data flow to define interaction between process 0 and external entities defined.

12. Fast Food Ordering System • The system will accept the order from Customer and generate receipt for Customers, send order to the Kitchen, and at the same time, update the related files in order to generate useful reports to the Restoran Manager.

13. Example: Context Diagram of Food Ordering System

14. Case study: • PoliteknikAlam Maya has six residential units for students accommodation. Students who wish to stay in the hostel must fill up an online application form. The information that must be filled in the application form is the name, identification number, race, religion, sex, programme, courses, HPNM, co-curriculum involvement and the type of room requested. After receiving the information, the Student Affairs Department will determine whether the application is succeeded or failed. Then, from the list of successful applications, the hostel office will determine the block and room number to the applicant.

15. Hostel Application System Submit application Application form STUDENT STUDENT AFFAIR DEPARTMENT Determine the block and room no Check application List application Determine the application HOSTEL

16. Construct Context Diagram for • Grading System • Registration System

17. 0 GRADING SYSTEM Final Result STUDENT Submit assignment STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM Class Timetable Assignment Grade Unique reference number for each process Grade Scale Grade Report LECTURER

18. Example Context Diagram 0f registeration system student course selections Registration System schedule Registration details business office