Teaching Warfare in the Classroom

1. Teaching Warfare in the Classroom The DIME Approach to Analyzing the Civil War

2. What is DIME? • DIME is an acronym • Diplomacy • Information • Military • Economics • Advantage - Allows for comparisons and systematic analysis • Disadvantage - Does not allow for detailed analysis of events

3. Diplomacy • Potential Allies – external - Great Britain - France - A divided America or anti-slavery? • Key States: - Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia, Delaware • Potential Allies – internal - Confederacy – “Copperheads” or “Peace Democrats” - Union – Unionists and Blacks

4. Information • Intelligence • Communication (Command and Control) • Media (public perception) • Ideology

5. Information - Intelligence • The Bureau of Military Information • Confederate Secret Service Bureau • Spies • Code Breaking • Deception • Covert Surveillance • Black Dispatches • Intelligence Overseas http://www.fas.org/irp/cia/product/civilwar.pdf

6. Information – Command and Control • Civilian Authority • Communications: Telegraph System

7. Information - Media • Northern Press • Southern Press

8. Information - Ideology • The Constitution • Abolitionism • The Gettysburg Address - Equality of the individual at the expense of the rule of law - Majority Rule at the expense of individual liberty

9. Military • Strategy and Operations • Technology • Commanders • Logistics • Impact on society

10. Military – Strategy • American Tradition - Revolutionary War (guerrilla) - Engineering / new technology • Mexican-American War - Training Ground for commanders • Napoleonic Wars - Climactic Battles - Wars of maneuver

11. Military – Grand Strategy

12. Military – Sun Tzu • The Art of War 1. Achieving the Objective without Destroying It2. Avoid Strength, Attack Weakness: Striking Where the Enemy is Most Vulnerable3. Deception and Foreknowledge: Winning the Information War4. Speed and Preparation: Moving Swiftly to Overcome Resistance5. Shaping the Enemy: Preparing the Battlefield6. Character-Based Leadership: Leading by Example To what extent were these principles practiced?

13. Military – Jomini • Treaties on Grand Military Operations 1. Strategic initiative 2. Concentration of effort against a portion of the enemy 3. Pursuit of a beaten foe 4. Surprise 5. Line of Operations

14. Military – Clausewitz • On War 1. Limited War: Specific Objectives 2. Unlimited War: Overthrow the enemy 3. Wars tend to escalate 4. Importance of Friction 5. Politics should determine the objective (The holy triad) Reason (Government) “War is nothing but the continuation of policy by other means” Chance (Military) Primoridal Violence (The People)

15. Military – Technology

16. Military - Commanders

17. Military – Logistics • Food, clothing, shelter • Bullets and guns • Transportation - Trains • Medicine - Anesthetics / medicine - Field Hospitals - Surgeons - Nurses

18. Army 40,000-80,000 men 2-6 Corps Corp 8000-20,000 men 3-5 Division Corp 8000-20,000 men 3-5 Division Corp 8000-20,000 men 3-5 Division Division 3000-8000 men 3-5 Brigades Division 3000-8000 men 3-5 Brigades Division 3000-8000 men 3-5 Brigades Brigade 1000-2500 men 3-5 Regiments Brigade 1000-2500 men 3-5 Regiments Brigade 1000-2500 men 3-5 Regiments Regiments =400-1000 men, made up of 10 companies; Company = 100 men Military - Army Organization Union level of Organization at Bull Run Confederate level of Organization at Bull Run Regiment

19. Military - Impact • Habeas Corpus – Union and Confederacy • 1862 - Militia Act, authorizing black enlistment • Elections in 1864 (majority rule established) • Conscription and Desertions • Emancipation Proclamation • Riots – “a rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight” - Bread (South) - Draft (North) • Total War – increase in governmental power

20. Economics - Overview

21. Economics - Population

22. Economics - Trade

23. Economics – Government Revenue

24. Questions?