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Viruses and Bacteria

Learn about the characteristics, shapes, and structures of viruses and bacteria, as well as how they reproduce. Discover the importance of these microorganisms in nature and their impact on human health. Explore the history of penicillin and methods for preventing infectious diseases.

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Viruses and Bacteria

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  1. Viruses and Bacteria

  2. What is a Virus? • A virus is a tiny, non-living particle that enters and reproduces inside a living cell. • Characteristics • Viruses are not cells. • Do not use their own energy to grow or respond to their environment. • Can not make their own food. • Can not produce waste. • Can only multiple when they are inside a living cell. • Need a host (like a parasite) to receive energy and reproduce.

  3. Virus Shape • Round • Rod • Threads • Bullets Bacteriophage-viruses that infect bacteria.

  4. Structure of Viruses • Protein Coat- to provide ? • Inner core of genetic material. • Why? What does RNA carry?

  5. Viruses multiplication • One virus infects one cell to produce 50 new viruses. First Generation • How many viruses do you have after just three generations? Each generation reproduces after 5 hours. • Active viruses-like a photo copier, invades a cell and makes copy after copy until cell explodes releasing newly made viruses.

  6. Viruses multiplication • Hidden Virus- Enters a host and places genetic material in the DNA of a host. After a period of time, the genetic material separates to become a “virus factory.” • Conditions that potentially increase activity: • Stress • Extreme sunlight • Usually found in nerve endings Core sores…

  7. Viruses and Gene Therapy • Gene Therapy-scientist utilize the ability of a virus to insert genetic material into a host cell. Uses the virus as a message carrier to deliver genetic material. Used to treat many disorders: cystic fibrosis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Parkinson's disease, and others. Muhammad Ali and Michael J. Fox

  8. Bacteria Communication tendrils

  9. Anton Van Leeuwenhook • Discovered Bacteria accidentally (water droplets) in late 1600’s • Made microscopes as a hobby • Looked at plaque from teeth with microscope to see tiny worm like structures.

  10. Bacteria Structures • Prokaryotes- genetic material found floating in cytoplasm. • Surrounded by a rigid cell wall • Has a cell membrane • Ribosomes • Many have a flagellum, a whip like structure used to aid in movement • Others can be carried by wind, water, or organisms to other locations

  11. Three Basic Shapes • Coccus or Round • Spirillum or spiral • Bacilli or rod-like

  12. Food and Energy • Bacteria need a source of food and a means to break it down to release energy (respiration). • Obtaining food- Some are autotrophs ( Which means ?) using what process? Some are heterotrophs (which means?) • Another process to obtain energy is chemiosmosis

  13. Reproduction • Under the right conditions, right temperature, and suitable conditions reproduce quickly, every 20 minutes. • Asexual Reproduction- • Binary Fission- split into two identical cells. One parent. • Sexual Reproduction- • Two parents combine genetic material through a process called conjugation, a threadlike link between bacterial where genetic material transfers.

  14. Endospore Formation • Sometimes conditions are unfavorable: food scarce, no water, extreme climate. This results in an endospore-a small, rounded, thick walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterialcell. Contains genetic information and last for years.

  15. Science Explain Superstition • Tetanus is a medical condition characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers, the primary symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. As the infection progresses, muscle spasms, and difficulty swallowing and general muscle stiffness.

  16. Importance in Nature • Involved with oxygen production • Involved in food production pasteurization • Environmental recycling • Decomposers • Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria/Nodules (symbiotic relationship) • 4. Human health • Digestion • Vitamins • 5. Medicine production

  17. Viruses, Bacteria, and You • Infectious disease-an illness that passes from one organism to another. • Spread by: • Contact • Contaminated objects • Infected animals • Environment • May enter the body through breaks in the skin, inhaled, through ears, eyes, mouth, or any other body opening.

  18. History of Penicillin • Alexander Fleming

  19. Treating Infectious Disease • Bacterial Disease- cured by antibiotics, which weaken the cell wall causing bacterial cell to burst. • Problems-Antibiotic resistant, a serious problem • Viral Disease- No cure • Preventing Infectious disease- • Vaccine is a substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific viruses and bacteria. • Stay healthy- nutritious food, adequate sleep, fluids, and exercise. Protect yourself by washing hands. Store food properly, keep kitchen surfaces “CLEAN,” and proper cooking.

  20. http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/science-video/growing-bacteriahttp://www.stevespanglerscience.com/science-video/growing-bacteria

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