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KEY CONCEPT Genes encode proteins that produce a diverse range of traits.

Explore the fascinating world of genes and how they encode proteins to produce a diverse range of traits. Discover the concepts of alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes, and understand how genes influence the development of physical appearances in organisms. Learn about dominant and recessive alleles and how they contribute to the expression of traits. Uncover the complexities of traits and how they may not follow simple dominant-recessive patterns. Join me on this journey to understand the link between genes and phenotype.

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KEY CONCEPT Genes encode proteins that produce a diverse range of traits.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Genes encode proteins that produce a diverse range of traits.

  2. The same gene can have many versions. • A gene is a piece of DNA that directs a cell to make a certain protein. • Each gene has a locus, aspecific position on a pair ofhomologous chromosomes • An allele is any alternative form of a gene

  3. Genes influence the development of traits. • All of an organism’s genetic material is called the genome. • A genotype refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes (AA, Aa or aa) • Symbols are assigned to traits • Capital letters =dominant= A (say big A)= round seed • Lowercase letters =recessive= a (say little a)= wrinkled seed

  4. Each parent donates one allele for every gene. • Homozygous describes two alleles that are the same (AA or aa) • Heterozygous describes two alleles that are different (Aa)

  5. Alleles can be represented using letters. • Phenotype: an organism’s • physical appearance or traits. • A dominant allele is expressed as a phenotype when at least one allele is dominant (capital letter = AA or Aa genotype) • A recessive allele is expressed as a phenotype only when two copies are present (lower case = aa genotype)

  6. Most traits occur in a range and do not follow simple dominant-recessive patterns • Can see the phenotype of an organism = physical appearance (cannot see the genotype b/c that is in the genes on chromosomes in the nucleus of cells)….I can see your phenotypes!

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