U.S. Attitudes After the World Wars

1. U.S. Attitudes After the World Wars WWI—1917-1918 WWII—1939-1945 Focus on foreign affairs Conservative 50s Cold War against USSR Women left the work place and went home for a baby boom United Nations—led by U.S. Eager for treaties—alliance with Western Europe (NATO) On constant military alert—Korean War, Vietnam War Turbulent 60s • Back to isolationism • Roaring 20s • Recognized USSR • Women gained the vote and other rights • League of Nations—rejected by U.S. • Great Depression—30s • Reluctant for treaties—no allies • Avoided military conflict until Pearl Harbor

2. Film: The Cold WarWrite a fact for each topic • Containment • Berlin Crisis • NATO and Warsaw Pact • Nuclear Arms Race • Berlin Wall • Fidel Castro and Cuba • Domino Theory • Détente • From Détente to Evil Empire

3. Film: Post-War U.S.A.—write one fact for each topic • Post War Boom • Fair Deal for Americans • Crabgrass Frontier • Cold War • Cold War at Home • McCarthyism: the Second Red Scare • Civil Rights Movement • The Wild Ones • Post-war Legacy

4. Cold War Intro.VocabSee Ch. 19, p. 636 • Satellite nations • Iron curtain • Cold War • Containment • Truman Doctrine • Marshall Plan • Berlin Airlift • NATO 9. Collective security 10. Warsaw Pact • HUAC • McCarthyism • Blacklist • Conformity—doing what others do • Inflation—high prices

5. Cold War: Issues and Images Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, Bush 1945-1991

6. Common experience of Cold War Presidents

7. U.S. Elections • 1948: Truman (DEM) defeated Dewey • 1952: Eisenhower (“Ike”—REPUB) defeated Stevenson • 1956: Eisenhower won re-election (over Stevenson) • 1960: Senator John Kennedy (DEM) defeated Vice-President Richard Nixon • 1964: Vice-President Johnson (DEM) defeated Goldwater • 1968: Vice-President Nixon (REPUB) defeated Vice-President Humphrey • 1972: President Nixon won re-election (over McGovern) • 1974: Vice-President Ford assumed presidency after Nixon’s resignation • 1976: Governor Carter (DEM) defeated Ford • 1980: Governor Reagan (REPUB) defeated President Carter • 1984: President Reagan re-elected over VP Mondale • 1988: Vice-President Bush (REPUB) defeated Governor Dukakis

10. What do we do about Germany?

11. Berlin (located in East Germany)

12. The United Nations • http://www.un.org/en/ • Located in NYC—midtown Manhattan • Current Secretary General is Ban Ki-Moon of South Korea • Peace-keeping organization

13. Parts of the UN • General Assembly: 5 delegates from each nation—one vote per nation 1. Secretary General • Trusteeship Council • Economic and Social Council • International Court of Justice (15 justices)—meets in The Hague, Netherlands • Security Council—5 permanent members (US, UK,France,China,Russia) and 10 rotating members

14. Evaluate efforts by global organizations to undermine U.S. sovereignty through the use of treaties • Consider the Iraq War in 2003

15. Truman and Post WarTensions—CanhehandleStalin?

16. Competition of words, weapons, and influence U.S.A. USSR Communism Dictatorship Influence in Eastern Europe AtomicWeapons—1949 WarsawPact (military alliance) Pro-Communist influences over rest of the world KGB • Capitalism • Democracy • Influence in Western Europe • Atomicweapons—1945 • NATO (military alliance) • Pro-Democratic influences over rest of world • CIA

17. Other Ideological Differences U.S.A. USSR “Religion is the opium of the masses.” –Karl Marx All religious practices were officially illegal Exception: could not be enforced in Poland Elevation of Karol Wojtyla was very embarrassing (Pope John Paul II who survived an assassination attempt and plot) • “freedom of religion”—first amendment • Separation of church and state • First amendment • “In God we trust” on currency • “Under God” added to the pledge in 1950s

18. The Iron Curtain

19. Soviet Blockadeled to the Berlin Airlift

20. The Marshall Plan--aid to Europe

21. Containment—keepcommunismfromspreading

22. NATO

24. The Rosenbergs

25. Nixon exposes Alger Hiss, a state department employee, as a communist spy

26. McCarthyism—Red ScareHUAC: ‘‘Are you a member of the Communist Party?’’

27. ‘‘When a greatdemocracyisdestroyed, itwill not bebecause of enemiesfromwithout, but ratherbecause of enemiesfromwithin.’’ Senator Joseph McCarthy,1950

28. “Have you no sense of decency, sir?” Response to McCarthy by a U.S. Army officer accused of communist sympathies

29. Edward R. Murrow • WWII European war correspondent • Anchor on the CBS Evening News (radio and later TV) • Publicly challenged McCarthy and was accused of communist sympathies • Helped end the “Witch Hunt”investigations

30. Early Cold Warriors • Dean Acheson—Truman’ssecretary of state (NATO) • George Marshall—Truman’ssecretary of state and latersecretary of defense • George Kennan—U.S. diplomat in USSR (father of ‘‘containment’’) • Allen Dulles—Ike’shead of CIA • John Foster Dulles—Ike’ssecretary of state • Richard Nixon—Senatorwhoexposed Alger Hiss (communistspy) and Ike’svice-president

31. China becameCommunist in 1949—Red China

32. U.S. Recognized Taiwan as the TrueDemocratic China

33. Chinese Communist Revolution Mainland China (Communist) Leader: Mao Zedong Taiwan (Democratic) Leader: Chiang Kai-Shek

34. The KoreanWar (1950-53) • UN Police Action • NorthKorea vs. South Korea • Pyongyang vs. Seoul

36. MacArthurRemoved for Insubordination

37. Truman Doctrine Eisenhower Doctrine

38. Cold WarStrategies • Collective security • Brinksmanship • Massive retaliation • MutualAssured Destruction (MAD) • Flexible Response • MilitaryIndustrial Complex • Deterrent • CIA • NORAD • Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles • Space race • Detente

39. “Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired, signifies in the final sense a theft from those who hunger and are not fed…” President Dwight David Eisenhower

40. ‘‘ In the councils of government, we must guardagainst the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whethersought or unsought, by the militaryindustrialcomplex. The potential for the disastrousrise of misplaced power exists and willpersist.’’ PresidentEisenhower’s Farewell Address, 1961

41. ‘‘Duck and Cover!’’ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0K_LZDXp0I

44. End of Part 1—Review Terms • Cold War • Yalta • Satellite • Containment • Iron Curtain • Marshall Plan • Truman Doctrine • West Germany/East Germany • West Berlin/East Berlin • Berlin Airlift • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Warsaw Pact • Atomic Bombs • Eisenhower • United Nations • Security Council • Chiang Kai-Shek vs. Mao Zedong in China • Taiwan • Red Scare and HUAC • Senator McCarthy • Conformity • Nixon and Alger Hiss • Rosenbergs • Korean War (police action) • North Korea vs. South Korea • Pyongyang vs. Seoul • General MacArthur • Communism

45. Sputnik—1957—Space Race

47. Sputnik: Cause and Effect “This is our Sputnik moment.” • U.S. beginning a “space race” • U.S. beginning NASA • U.S. increasing requirements for math and science in schools

48. ‘‘Satellite’’ Eastern Europe Sputnik An object launched to orbit Earth A nation dominated politically and economically by another nation

49. U2 Incident--1960

50. Domino Theory--countries willfall to communism(President Eisenhower)