FOOD CHAINS & WEBS What powers life?

1. FOOD CHAINS & WEBS What powers life?

2. the ultimate energy source

3. Energy Flow in Ecosystems Energy flows from where into the biological world?

4. Energy Flow • How does the sun’s energy enter the biological world? • What is photosynthesis?

5. Energy Flow • Producers use energy from the sun to build their bodies. • Consumers eat plants and use the matter and energy to build their bodies and do work. sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2

6. consumer producer omnivore detritivore herbivore decomposer carnivore autotroph heterotroph

7. -TROPH MEANS WHAT?

8. PRODUCERS • What are some producers? • Autotrophs who use photosynthesis to produce their own food • Ex. Plants, algae and some bacteria • YOUR EXAMPLE `` sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2

9. CONSUMERS • What are some consumers? • Heterotrophs that eat other organisms to obtain energy • Examples: deer, rabbits, cows, mice, lions, humans, hawks, snakes sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2

10. -VORE MEANS WHAT?

11. HERBIVORES • What are herbivores? • Organisms that eat plants • Primary Consumers • Ex. Cows, caterpillars, bunnies sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2

12. CARNIVORES • What are some carnivores? • Organisms that eat meat (other animals/consumers) • Secondary Consumers • Ex. tigers, wolves, snakes, hawks sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2

13. TOP CARNIVORES • What is an example of a top-level carnivore? • eat secondary consumers; usually nothing feeds on them • Ex. killer whale eating a sea lion or hawk eating a snake. consumer 3 sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2

14. OMNIVORES • What are some omnivores? • Consumers that eat both plants and animals • Primary and Secondary Consumers • Ex. bears and humans

15. Where do allthe dead things go? • They are eaten. YUMMMM! • They decay. SMELLY! decomposer detritivore

16. Detritivore vs Decomposers • Detritivores and decomposers both feed on the remains of dead plants and animals and other dead matter (detritus) • They rely on dead tissues for nutrients. detritivore decomposer

17. DetritivorevsDecomposers • Detritivoreseat the remains of dead plants and animals • Decomposers breakdown (decay) organic matter and feed on it Crabs, mites, earthworms, snails (your example) Bacteria & fungi (your example)

18. Detritivorevs Decomposers • What is a an example of a scavenger? • A scavengers is a type of detritivore that feeds on carrion (dead animal remains). • Example Ex. vultures, sharks, maggots, hyenas

19. Detritivorevs Decomposers • Why would they be called the environmental “recyclers”? • They decompose excrement, dead bodies and leaf litter, returning nutrients to the physical environment. decomposer consumer 3 sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2

20. Energy Flow • The series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten is called a Food Chain sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2

21. Food Chains & Energy flow Webs • The steps in the transfer of energy from organism to organism in feeding relationships are called Trophic Levels. • How does a food chain describe this path of energy? (arrows) producer consumer 1 consumer 2 consumer 3

22. Food Chains & Energy Webs • Name the number of the trophic levels in the food chain below. • How do the trophic level numbers correspond with the “eating terms”? producer consumer 1 consumer 2 consumer 3 Trophic Level 1 2 3 4

23. Food Chains & Energy Webs • What important energy transfer is not shown in a food chain? • Why is it that some energy is lost from one level to the next level? • How much energy is actually passed on to the next level? (rule of thumb) producer consumer 1 consumer 2 consumer 3

24. Food Chains & Energy Webs • If all of the snakes in this chain died, what would happen to the hawk? • To the decomposers? decomposer producer consumer 1 consumer 2 consumer 3

25. Food Chains & Energy Webs • If all of the mice in this chain died, what would happen to the hawk? • To the decomposers? decomposer producer consumer 1 consumer 2 consumer 3

26. Food Chains & Energy Webs • Most organisms feed on more than one trophic level and feed on several different species at each trophic level. This is a food web. Producers? Primary Consumers? Top predator?

27. Antarctic Energy Web

28. A large energy web • http://www.ifaw.org/images_custom/join_campaigns/Save_Baby_Seals_End_the_Seal_Hunt/End_The_Seal_Hunt/foodweb_large.jpg • Information compiled by marine biologists • Used for fishing regulation • What else?

29. Reading an Energy flow web consumer 2 consumer 1 decomposer producer consumer 3 sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2