The Relationship between Org. Theory & Org. Behavior

1. The Relationship between Org. Theory & Org. Behavior Dr. Friday - OB GRAD © Prentice Hall 2000

2. Behavior – actions of people Organizational Behavior (OB) – the study of the actions of people at work. Individual Behavior (psychology) – attitudes, personality, perception, learning, and motivation. Group Behavior (sociology, social psychology) – norms, roles, team building, and conflict. Culture (anthropology) Goal of OB – to explain and predict behavior to better manage employee behavior. Employee Behaviors of Concern: Productivity Absenteeism Turnover 4 major OB outcomes: Job Satisfaction – attitude Productivity – behavior Absenteeism - behavior Turnover - behavior Dr. Friday - OB GRAD

3. Attitudes – evaluative statements concerning objects, people, or events 3 component of an attitude 1) Cognitive – beliefs, opinions, knowledge, or info 2) Affective – emotional or feeling segment 3) Behavioral – an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone/something Job-Related Attitudes: Job Satisfaction – employee’s general attitude toward his/her job. Job Involvement – the degree to which an employee identifies with his/her job, actively participates in it, and considers his/her job performance important to his/her self-worth. Organizational Commitment – employee’s orientation toward the organization in terms of his/her loyalty to, identification with, and involvement in the organization. Personality – the trait or characteristics of an individual. Big 5 Personality Model – conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, emotional stability, and openness to experience Dr. Friday - OB GRAD

4. Operant Conditioningargues that behavior is a function of its consequences. Therefore, it deals with voluntary or “learned behavior. People learn to behave to get something they want or to avoid something they don’t want. The tendency to repeat a behavior is influenced by the reinforcement or lack of reinforcement that happens as a result of the behavior. Organizational Behavior Modification (OB Mod) Positive Reinforcement – when a behavior is followed with something pleasant Negative Reinforcement – rewarding a response with the elimination or withdrawal of something unpleasant Positive Reinforcement and Negative Reinforcement strengthen a behavior. Punishment – penalizes undesirable behavior Extinction – eliminating any reinforcement that’s maintaining a behavior Punishment and Extinction weaken a behavior or decreases its frequency. Dr. Friday - OB GRAD

5. Perception – one’s interpretation of reality Self Fulfilling Prophecy - People perceive others in a certain way, and in turn, those others behave in ways that are consistent with the perception Fundamental Attribution Error – the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others Self-serving Bias – the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors Selectivity – the process by which people assimilate certain bits and pieces of what they observe, depending on their interest, background, and attitudes Assumed similarity – the belief that others are like oneself Stereotyping – judging a person on the basis of one’s perception of a group to which he/she belongs Halo Effect – a general impression of an individual based on a single characteristic. Dr. Friday - OB GRAD

6. Attribution Theory Dr. Friday - OB GRAD © Prentice Hall 2000