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Course. Course Website: http://blogs.umass.edu/astron101-tburbine/ Textbook: Pathways to Astronomy (2nd Edition) by Stephen Schneider and Thomas Arny . You also will need a calculator. Office Hours. Mine Tuesday, Thursday - 1:15-2:15pm Lederle Graduate Research Tower C 632 Neil

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  1. Course • Course Website: • http://blogs.umass.edu/astron101-tburbine/ • Textbook: • Pathways to Astronomy (2nd Edition) by Stephen Schneider and Thomas Arny. • You also will need a calculator.

  2. Office Hours • Mine • Tuesday, Thursday - 1:15-2:15pm • Lederle Graduate Research Tower C 632 • Neil • Tuesday, Thursday - 11 am-noon • Lederle Graduate Research Tower B 619-O

  3. Homework • We will use Spark • https://spark.oit.umass.edu/webct/logonDisplay.dowebct • Homework will be due approximately twice a week

  4. Homework #1 (Due today) • Find an article concerning a topic concerning the Solar System and write about why you found it interesting. • Include the name of the article and where it was published. • Submit using Spark

  5. Homework #2 (due Tuesday) • 10 questions • In Assessment on Spark

  6. Why should we learn about the Solar System? • http://www.thisistheend.com/2009/08/the-ihc-on-the-tv.php

  7. Metric System • 1 kilometer = 1,000 meters • 1 meter = 100 centimeters • 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters

  8. Distances • An Astronomical Unit (AU) is the average distance between the Sun and Earth • 1 AU = 150 x 106 km = 150 x 109 m • 1 light-year is the distance light travels in a year • 1 light-year = 9.5 × 1015 meters

  9. Scientific Notation • 10000 = 104 • 100000000 = 108 • 10000000000 = 1010 • 100000000000000000000 = 1020 • 0.001 = 10-3 • 0.0000001 = 10-7

  10. How do you write numbers? • 31,700,000 = 3.17 x 107 • 2,770,000 = 2.77 x 106 • 0.00056 = 5.6 x 10-4 • 0.0000078 = 7.8 x 10-6

  11. How do you do multiply? • 106 x 108 = 10(6+8) = 1014 • 10-5 x 103 = 10(-5+3) = 10-2 • (3 x 104 ) x (4 x 105) = 12 x 10(4+5) = 12 x 109 = 1.2 x 1010

  12. How do you divide? • 108/106 = 10(8-6) = 102 • 10-6/10-4 = 10(-6-(-4)) = 10-2 • (3 x 108)/(4 x 103) = ¾ x 10(8-3) = 0.75 x 105 = 7.5 x 104

  13. What is a galaxy?

  14. What is a galaxy? • Is a massive, gravitationally bound system consisting of stars, gas and dust, and dark matter. Galaxies can contain between ten million and a trillion stars • Dark matter is matter that does not emit or reflect enough radiation to be seen, but whose gravitation effects can be felt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:NGC_4414_%28NASA-med%29.jpg

  15. When we are looking at stars or galaxies • We are looking into the past Light-year is the distance light travels in a year.

  16. Milky Way Galaxy • Milky Way is 100,000 light-years in diameter • There are ~200 billion stars in the Milky Way (estimates from 100-400 billions stars) http://www.venusproject.com/ecs/images/photos/galaxy.jpg

  17. What is the Universe?

  18. What is the Universe? • Sum total of all matter and energy – all galaxies and everything between them • Observable universe – portion of the universe that can be seen from Earth, probably only tiny portion of the whole universe ~93 billion light-years wide

  19. How many stars in the Universe • Say there are 100 billion galaxies • Each galaxy has 100 billion stars • So how many stars in the universe

  20. Answer • Number of stars in universe • = (100 x 109) x (100 x 109) = 10000 x 1018 = 1 x 1022 = 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 • This is about the same number of grains of sand in every beach in the world

  21. Questions: • How many of these 1022 stars have planets? • How many of these planets have life?

  22. My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas

  23. My - Mercury • Very - Venus • Eager - Earth • Mother - Mars • Just - Jupiter • Served - Saturn • Us -Uranus • Nine -Neptune • Pizzas - Pluto

  24. Does anyone play basketball?

  25. Assume • That the sun is the same size as a basketball • Basketball diameter = 24.4 cm • Sun’s Diameter = 1.4 x 109 m = 1.4 x 1011 cm • Scale Factor = 1.74 x 10-10 • Multiply scale factor by actual diameters of planets to get their approximate size

  26. Mercury • Diameter = 4.88 x 106 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 8.5 x 10-4 m = 0.85 mm

  27. Mariner 10 Messenger

  28. Venus • Diameter = 1.21 x 107 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 2.1 x 10-3 m = 2.1 mm

  29. Mariner 10

  30. Earth • Diameter = 1.28 x 107 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 2.2 x 10-3 m = 2.2 mm

  31. Apollo 17

  32. Mars • Diameter = 6.80 x 106 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 1.2 x 10-3 m = 1.2 mm

  33. Hubble Space Telescope

  34. Jupiter • Diameter = 1.43 x 108 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 2.5 x 10-2 m = 25 mm = 2.5 cm

  35. Voyager 1

  36. Saturn • Diameter = 1.21 x 108 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 2.1 x 10-2 m = 21 mm = 2.1 cm

  37. Cassini Six moons are in the picture: Titan (5,150 kilometers across), Janus (179 kilometers across), Mimas (396 kilometers across), Pandora (81 kilometers across), Epimetheus (113 kilometers across) and Enceladus (504 kilometers across). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg

  38. Uranus • Diameter = 5.18 x 107 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 9.0 x 10-3 m = 9 mm

  39. Voyager 2

  40. Neptune • Diameter = 4.95 x 107 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 8.5 x 10-3 m = 8.5 mm

  41. Voyager 2

  42. Pluto • Diameter = 2.30 x 106 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 4.0 x 10-4 m = 0.4 mm

  43. Hubble Telescope

  44. Scientific method https://www.msu.edu/course/isb/202/snapshot.afs/tsao/images/scientific_method01.gif

  45. What is a constellation?

  46. Constellations • People refer to constellations as a pattern of stars • Astronomers refer to constellations as specific regions of the sky • In 1928, the IAU (International Astronomical Union) decided there were 88 constellations • Many of the constellation names go back thousands of years

  47. Constellations • The constellations are totally imaginary things that poets, farmers and astronomers have made up over the past 6,000 years (and probably even more!). • The real purpose for the constellations is to help us tell which stars are which, nothing more.

  48. What is this constellation?

  49. Orion Bigger the star, the brighter it is

  50. Orion was the son of the god of the sea, Poseidon and a great hunter. One story is that he made an enemy of Hera who sent a scorpion to sting him. Orion was restored to health by Ophiuchus, the first doctor of medicine. Another story is that Artemis was tricked by by Apollo to shoot an arrow at Orion. When he died, Poseidon asked Zeus to put him among the stars.

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