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Internal Citations • In research, you document sources to show where your information came from and to give credit to the writers whose words and ideas you have borrowed. You must cite all quotations, summaries, and paraphrases as well as any facts or ideas that are not common knowledge. In addition, you must be careful to put quotations in quotation marks and to express all paraphrases and summaries in your own words.
Practice! • In the following slides, see if you know where to add the internal citations. • For your paper you should have a minimum of 10 internal citations.
Where do we Add Internal Citations? Over the past seven years, only teams among the top twenty-five percent of the league, in terms of payroll, have won World Series games. During that same time, there have been a total of 224 postseason games played in MLB.
One More!- Where do we Add the IC? Salary caps have been successfully implemented in other major professional sports. The NFL is an example of this. In 1993, the NFL implemented a limit as to how much any one team could spend on players.
I Lied!- Where do we Add the IC? The effects that higher attendance would have on a club’s economic situation is obvious. More people at games means that the owners are taking in more revenue. None Needed!
Where do we add the IC? Miller argues that television has changed virtually every aspect of our culture into a form of show business. None Needed! –You are citing the entire work
Where do we add the IC? Tenger argues in The Third Wave that society has gone through two eras (agricultural and industrial) and is now entering another: the information age. (page #) only
How do you set off a long quotation? (4 or more lines) Double space the quotation, and indent it one inch from the left margin. You do not need quotation marks. End period goes before the reference. Leave one space after the final period. It would look like…
Long Quote Example Toni Morrison, in “The Site of Memory,” explains how social context shaped slave narratives: No slave society in the history of the world wrote more about its own enslavement. The narratives were instructive, moral and representative. Whatever the level of eloquence or form, popular taste discouraged writers from dwelling too long on the more sordid details of their experience. (109)
How often should you Cite? Never – Who says I don’t know this information? What do you mean by this? I have never done this before. Approximately one citation per paragraph.
