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Helped me sharpen these arguments

Put Everything in Future (Disk) Controllers (it’s not “if”, it’s “when?”) Jim Gray http://www.research.Microsoft.com/~Gray Acknowledgements : Dave Patterson explained this to me a year ago Kim Keeton Erik Riedel Catharine Van Ingen. Helped me sharpen these arguments. Remember Your Roots.

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Helped me sharpen these arguments

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  1. Put Everything in Future (Disk) Controllers(it’s not “if”, it’s “when?”)Jim Grayhttp://www.research.Microsoft.com/~GrayAcknowledgements:Dave Patterson explained this to me a year agoKim KeetonErik RiedelCatharine Van Ingen Helped me sharpen these arguments

  2. Remember Your Roots

  3. Kilo Mega Giga Tera Peta Exa Zetta Yotta Technology Drivers: Disks • Disks on track • 100x in 10 years 2 TB 3.5” drive • Shrink to 1” is 200GB • Disk replaces tape? • Disk is super computer!

  4. Data GravityProcessing Moves to Transducers • Move Processing to data sources • Move to where the power (and sheet metal) is • Processor in • Modem • Display • Microphones (speech recognition) & cameras (vision) • Storage: Data storage and analysis

  5. It’s Already True of PrintersPeripheral = CyberBrick • You buy a printer • You get a • several network interfaces • A Postscript engine • cpu, • memory, • software, • a spooler (soon) • and… a print engine.

  6. All Device Controllers will be Cray 1’s Central Processor & Memory • TODAY • Disk controller is 10 mips risc engine with 2MB DRAM • NIC is similar power • SOON • Will become 100 mips systems with 100 MB DRAM. • They are nodes in a federation(can run Oracle on NT in disk controller). • Advantages • Uniform programming model • Great tools • Security • economics (CyberBricks) • Move computation to data (minimize traffic) Tera Byte Backplane

  7. Basic Argument for x-Disks • Future disk controller is a super-computer. • 1 bips processor • 128 MB dram • 100 GB disk plus one arm • Connects to SAN via high-level protocols • RPC, HTTP, DCOM, Kerberos, Directory Services,…. • Commands are RPCs • management, security,…. • Services file/web/db/… requests • Managed by general-purpose OS with good dev environment • Move apps to disk to save data movement • need programming environment in controller

  8. The Slippery Slope Nothing = Sector Server • If you add function to server • Then you add more function to server • Function gravitates to data. Something = Fixed App Server Everything = App Server

  9. Why Not a Sector Server?(let’s get physical!) • Good idea, that’s what we have today. • But • cache added for performance • Sector remap added for fault tolerance • error reporting and diagnostics added • SCSI commends (reserve,.. are growing) • Sharing problematic (space mgmt, security,…) • Slipping down the slope to a 2-D block server

  10. Why Not a 1-D Block Server?Put A LITTLE on the Disk Server • Tried and true design • HSC - VAX cluster • EMC • IBM Sysplex (3980?) • But look inside • Has a cache • Has space management • Has error reporting & management • Has RAID 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 50,… • Has locking • Has remote replication • Has an OS • Security is problematic • Low-level interface moves too many bytes

  11. Why Not a 2-D Block Server?Put A LITTLE on the Disk Server • Tried and true design • Cedar -> NFS • file server, cache, space,.. • Open file is many fewer msgs • Grows to have • Directories + Naming • Authentication + access control • RAID 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 50,… • Locking • Backup/restore/admin • Cooperative caching with client • File Servers are a BIG hit: NetWare™ • SNAP! is my favorite today

  12. Why Not a File Server?Put a Little on the Disk Server • Tried and true design • Auspex, NetApp, ... • Netware • Yes, but look at NetWare • File interface gives you app invocation interface • Became an app server • Mail, DB, Web,…. • Netware had a primitive OS • Hard to program, so optimized wrong thing

  13. Why Not Everything?Allow Everything on Disk Server(thin client’s) • Tried and true design • Mainframes, Minis, ... • Web servers,… • Encapsulates data • Minimizes data moves • Scaleable • It is where everyone ends up. • All the arguments against are short-term.

  14. The Slippery Slope Nothing = Sector Server • If you add function to server • Then you add more function to server • Function gravitates to data. Something = Fixed App Server Everything = App Server

  15. Disk = Node • has magnetic storage (100 GB?) • has processor & DRAM • has SAN attachment • has execution environment Applications Services DBMS RPC, ... File System SAN driver Disk driver OS Kernel

  16. Technology Drivers: System on a Chip • Integrate Processing with memory on one chip • chip is 75% memory now • 1MB cache >> 1960 supercomputers • 256 Mb memory chip is 32 MB! • IRAM, CRAM, PIM,… projects abound • Integrate Networking with processing on one chip • system bus is a kind of network • ATM, FiberChannel, Ethernet,.. Logic on chip. • Direct IO (no intermediate bus) • Functionally specialized cards shrink to a chip.

  17. TCP/IP Unix/NT 100% cpu @ 40MBps Disk Unix/NT 8% cpu @ 40MBps Why the Difference? Host does TCP/IP packetizing, checksum,… flow control small buffers Host Bus Adapter does SCSI packetizing, checksum,… flow control DMA Technology Drivers: What if Networking Was as Cheap As Disk IO?

  18. Technology Drivers: The Promise of SAN/VIA:10x in 2 yearshttp://www.viarch.org/ • Today: • wires are 10 MBps (100 Mbps Ethernet) • ~20 MBps tcp/ip saturates 2 cpus • round-trip latency is ~300 us • In the lab • Wires are 10x faster Myrinet, Gbps Ethernet, ServerNet,… • Fast user-level communication • tcp/ip ~ 100 MBps 10% of each processor • round-trip latency is 15 us

  19. RIP FDDI RIP ATM RIP FC RIP SCI RIP ? RIP SCSI SAN: Standard Interconnect Gbps Ethernet: 110 MBps • LAN faster than memory bus? • 1 GBps links in lab. • 100$ port cost soon • Port is computer PCI: 70 MBps UW Scsi: 40 MBps FW scsi: 20 MBps scsi: 5 MBps

  20. Technology Drivers:100 GBps Ethernet replaces SCSI • Why I love SCSI • Its fast (40MBps) • The protocol uses little processor power • Why I hate SCSI • Wires must be short • Cables are pricy • pins bend

  21. Functionally Specialized Cards P mips processor Today: P=50 mips M= 2 MB ASIC • Storage • Network • Display M MB DRAM In a few years P= 200 mips M= 64 MB ASIC ASIC

  22. Technology DriversPlug & Play Software • RPC is standardizing: (DCOM, IIOP, HTTP) • Gives huge TOOL LEVERAGE • Solves the hard problems for you: • naming, • security, • directory service, • operations,... • Commoditized programming environments • FreeBSD, Linix, Solaris,…+ tools • NetWare + tools • WinCE, WinNT,…+ tools • JavaOS + tools • Apps gravitate to data. • General purpose OS on dedicated ctlr can run apps.

  23. Basic Argument for x-Disks • Future disk controller is a super-computer. • 1 bips processor • 128 MB dram • 100 GB disk plus one arm • Connects to SAN via high-level protocols • RPC, HTTP, DCOM, Kerberos, Directory Services,…. • Commands are RPCs • management, security,…. • Services file/web/db/… requests • Managed by general-purpose OS with good dev environment • Move apps to disk to save data movement • need programming environment in controller

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