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Fundamental Terms and Definitions in Statistics

This book section introduces the building blocks of statistics, the branches of statistics, and the key concepts in descriptive and inferential statistics. Examples are provided to illustrate the differences between descriptive and inferential statistics.

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Fundamental Terms and Definitions in Statistics

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  1. Math Tech IIII, Jan 21 Fundamental Terms and Definitions I Book Sections: 1.1 Essential Questions: What are the building blocks of Statistics, what do I call them, and what do they mean? What are the branches of statistics? Standards: DA-4.1, DA-4.2, DA-4.3

  2. StatisticsAs a Branch of Mathematics Statistics – The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions.

  3. Key Words in StatisticsThe Branches of Statistics Descriptive Statistics – Statistics that involve the organization, summarization, and display of data. This is a set of methods to describe data that has been collected. Inferential Statistics – Statistics that involve using a sample to draw conclusions about a population. A basic tool of inferential statistics is probability. This is a set of methods used to make a generalization, estimate, prediction or decision.

  4. Statistics Relationships Statistics A Mathematical Science Descriptive Statistics Inferential Statistics

  5. The Simple Life DifferencesBetweenThe Branches of Statistics Descriptive Statistics – The facts or a computation based on the facts Inferential Statistics – Making a prediction or drawing a conclusion beyond the facts

  6. Examples Descriptive • Of 350 randomly selected people in the town of Luserna, Italy, 280 people had the last name Nicolussi. • An example of descriptive statistics is the following statement : "80% of these people have the last name Nicolussi."

  7. Examples Inferential • Of 350 randomly selected people in the town of Luserna, Italy, 280 people had the last name Nicolussi. • An example of inferential statistics is the following statement : "80% of all people living in Italy have the last name Nicolussi." Why? We have no information about all people living in Italy, just about the 350 living in Luserna. We have taken that information and generalized it to talk about all people living in Italy. The easiest way to tell that this statement is not descriptive is by trying to verify it based upon the information provided.

  8. Examples Descriptive or Inferential? A large sample of 48 year old men was studied for 18 years. Approximately 70% of single men and 90% of married men was alive at age 65. In a sample of Wall Street analysts, 44% incorrectly forecasted high-tech earnings last year.

  9. Examples Descriptive or Inferential? A large sample of 48 year old men was studied for 18 years. Approximately 70% of single men and 90% of married men was alive at age 65. In a sample of Wall Street analysts, 44% incorrectly forecasted high-tech earnings last year.

  10. Examples Descriptive or Inferential? A large sample of 48 year old men was studied for 18 years. Approximately 70% of single men and 90% of married men was alive at age 65. In a sample of Wall Street analysts, 44% incorrectly forecasted high-tech earnings last year.

  11. Common Manifestations Descriptive or Inferential? The most common use of descriptive statistics is a statistical graph or visual representation. The most common use of inferential statistics is a prediction.

  12. Examples

  13. New Math SymbolWhat Does it Mean? Sigma: is a mathematical notation for summation, or adding some numbers. This notation simply means to add up all the values that x could take on. or

  14. Example If x is all values of the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} then = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15

  15. Examples

  16. Calculator Data Input & List Computations

  17. Examples 2, 9, 5, 6, 1, 8, 4, 7, 3, 0 152, 271, 112, 149, 212, 161, 125, 222

  18. Classwork: CW 1/21/15, 1-5 Homework – None

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