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Explore the significance of battles like Stalingrad and Operation Overlord and understand the decision behind dropping the atomic bomb. This World War II review highlights the US involvement in Europe and Asia.
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Essential Question: • What role did the United States play in fighting in Asia during World War II? • Warm-Up Question: • What was the significance of : • The Battle of the Atlantic? • Stalingrad? • Operation Overlord (D-Day)? • The Battle of the Bulge?
Quick World War 2 in Europe Review “Europe First” & Battle of the Atlantic
Quick World War 2 in Europe Review Victory in North Africa Turning Point: Stalingrad Operation Torch & liberation of Italy Fighting in Europe, 1942-1943
Europe 1944-1945 D-Day invasion of Nazi-occupied France Soviet army seizes Berlin; Germany surrenders May 7, 1945 Battle of the Bulge
While American forces fought in North Africa in 1942, the U.S. Navy began fighting Japan
Whether to Drop the Atomic Bomb: Critical Thinking Decision A FDR’s Decision: B
The Manhattan Project • Based on scientific research, FDR created the Manhattan Project, the code name for developing an atomic bomb: • Robert Oppenheimer was put in charge of developing the bomb • From 1942-1945, a number of secret labs across the country developed & built the bomb
In July 1945, the bomb was successfully tested at Los Alamos, New Mexico during Project Trinity The bomb was constructed in a secret city in Oak Ridge, TN Physicist Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago developed the nuclear reaction Nuclear plant in Hanford, WA developed the plutonium
Whether to Drop the Atomic Bomb: Critical Thinking Decision B Truman’s Decision: C
By 1944, Americans gained supremacy of the air & ran daily fire bombings on Japanese cities In addition, Japanese soldiers resorted to horrific acts of barbarity on the battlefield The Japanese refused to surrender even in the face of defeat
Dropping the Atomic Bomb • Truman issued the Potsdam Declaration to Japan: surrender or face prompt & utter destruction • WhenJapanrefusedtosurrender Truman ordered the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 • After 3 days, the Japanese gov’t did not respond to the bombing • The U.S. dropped a 2nd atomic bomb in the city of Nagasaki
Whether to Drop the Atomic Bomb: Critical Thinking Decision C
Hiroshima Nagasaki
Dropping the Atomic Bomb • Effect of the atomic bomb: • Saved hundreds of thousands of lives because it prevented a U.S. land invasion of Japan • Revenge for Pearl Harbor • Showed the USSR that the USA had the ultimate weapon (began theColdWarnucleararmsrace)