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Dipole Design at the 16 T Frontier: Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider at Fermilab

Explore the cutting-edge Magnet Research and Development (R&D) program at Fermilab to design dipoles for a potential Future Circular Collider. Learn about the ambitious goals, advanced technologies, and key considerations like field range, coil design, strand and cable specifications, coil design studies, and mechanical design aspects. Follow the timeline, coil choices, demonstrations, mechanical designs, and testing goals for achieving a breakthrough in accelerator magnet technology.

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Dipole Design at the 16 T Frontier: Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider at Fermilab

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  1. Dipole design at the 16 T frontier -Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at FermilabAlexander ZlobinFermilab

  2. FCC-hh Magnet target parameters Inter-aperture distance ≈ 250 mm Yoke diameter ≤ 700 mm Stray field ≤ 100 mT Present record – 13.8 T in ~35 mm aperture (HD2, LBNL, 2008) Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  3. FNAL HFM Program • FNAL HFM R&D plan was coordinated with recent P5 recommendations and updated DOE-HEP GARD program • Recommendation 24: “Participate in global conceptual design studies and critical path R&D for future very high-energy proton-proton colliders. Continue to play a leadership role in superconducting magnet technology focused on the dual goals of increasing performance and decreasing costs.” • In collaboration with the U.S. National laboratories, universities and industry • Develop accelerator magnets with world record parameters • Small-aperture 15 T Nb3Sn dipole, suitable for FCC, and 2 T HTS insert • Large-aperture 15 T Nb3Sn dipole and 5+ T HTS insertwith stress management • Small-aperture 20 T accelerator dipole based on LTS (Nb3Sn) and HTS (Bi-2212 or YBCO) coils • Perform magnet cost optimization studies. • Continue superconductor and structural material R&D for 15-20 T accelerator magnets. Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  4. Program Timeline • FY15-17: • Focus on 15 T Nb3Sn dipole demonstrator FCC Record field 13.8 T LARP HL-LHC VLHC MBHSP MBHSM 60 mm 11 T dipole Dipole mirror HFDA HFDM-LM 43.5 mm Dipole mirror 10 T dipole TQC TQM-LQM 90 mm 200 T/m Quadrupole quadrupole mirror MBHDP 60 mm 11 T dipole HFDC (R&W) 40 mm 10 T dipole Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  5. Magnet Design Choice • Coil design: • cos-theta • block-type • common coil • Technology: W&R, R&W • Mechanical structure: • with and w/o collar • Stainless Steel or Al shell • stress management • Field range: 10-13.8 T • 13.8 T - record since 2008 • Focus on the cos-theta (shell-type) design w/o collar D20 (LBNL), 13.4 T, 1997 HFDA (FNAL) 10 T, 2003-2006 MBHSP (FNAL) 11.6 T, 2012-2014 MBHDP (FNAL) 11.5 T, 2015 RD3c (LBNL), 10 T, W&R, 2003 DCC017 (BNL), 10 T, R&W, 2007 HFDC (FNAL), ~6 T, R&W, 2004 HD2 (LBNL), 13.8 T, 2008 Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  6. General considerations • Magnet field B ~ λJ×w Bmax~λJc(Bmax,T,…)×w • Small aperture dipole (~50 mm) • Quench protection: Coil enthalpy can absorb the stored energy in <50% of the coil volume with Tmax=250 K • Coil maximum azimuthal stress is ~150 MPa 150 mm bore Tmax=250 K 50 mm bore • Jc(12T,4.2K)=3.5 kA/mm2 P. Fessia et al., IEEE TAS, 19, 3, 2009. 1.9 K Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  7. Strand and Cable • Strand • RRP 127, 169 or 217 • Strand ID – 1 and 0.7 mm • Jc(12T, 4.2K) ~2700 A/mm2 • Cable • N=28 (HFDA) • N=40 (MBH) • Ic degradation ~5% • stainless steel core • cable prototypes are available • R&D • increase Jc(15 T, 4.2 K) • increase strand D, cable width • reduce filament size RRP-127 RRP-169 RRP-217 Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  8. Coil Design Study • Coil aperture: 60 mm • Coil cross-section: 4 layers, graded • Design parameters: Bmax, field quality, coil volume, az. stress • Design choice: 4L-5 – minimal coil size and stress 4L-1 4L-2 4L-3 4L-4 4L-5 Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  9. 15 T Dipole Demonstrator • Design concept: • Coil bore: 60-mm • Coil length: 1 m • Optimized design: 4-layer graded coil • Interim design: with 11 T coil • Cold iron yoke • Design fields: • Jc(15T, 4.2K)=1.35 kA/mm2 • Coil Bmax= 16.3/15.2 T at 4.3 K • Bore Bmax= 15.6/14.6 T at 4.3 K • + ~1.5 T at 1.9 K • Additional margin – higher Jc Optimized graded coil Interim coil design Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  10. Mechanical Design Lorentz forces • Horizontal support Structure: • Thin stainless steel coil-yoke spacer • Vertically split yoke • Stainless steel clamps • Bolted skin (from 11 T dipole) • Cold mass length: 1 m • Cold mass OD<610 mm (VMTF) Protection heaters: • Outer-layer • Inter-layer (2-3) • Up to 80% of coil volume Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  11. Test goals • Demonstration of 15-16 T field level • Study and optimization of • magnet quench performance • training, degradation, memory, effect of coil pre-load • ramp rate sensitivity • operation margin • quench protection • heater efficiency, radial quench propagation, coil quench temperature • field quality • geometrical harmonics, coil magnetization, iron saturation, dynamic effects Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  12. FNAL 15 T 2-in-1 Demonstrator Parameters 1 m diameter “cryostat” envelope Is this magnet good for FCC? Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  13. Magnet Cost Reduction Cost reduction strategy: • Reduce magnet cross-section • cold mass (coil, structure) • cryostat • Increase magnet length • 15 m => 20 m • Reduce component cost • superconductor (use NbTi in low fields) • structural components • Reduce labor • number of coil layers • Improve performance • Bop, Top B. Palmer (BNL), 2014 Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  14. Conclusion • FCC needs cost-effective main dipole magnets with nominal operation fields of ~16 T based on Nb3Sn technology • Special magnets with operation fields up to 20+ T based on HTS/LTS coils • Timely (by CDR in 2018) demonstration of 16-T-class accelerator qualitydipolefor FCC is a key milestone • FNAL has a promising dipole design and a plan to achieve this milestone by 2018 • Design Bmax is above 17 T @1.9K with conservative Jc • Accelerator quality features • Issues to be understood and resolved for FCC • demonstration of 15-16 T nominal field and accelerator class parameters, improvement of magnet training, reduction of conductor degradation, magnet cost optimization Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

  15. Infrastructure Use the 11 T dipole components, tooling, and FNAL fabrication and test infrastructure => R&D cost and time reduction Magnet R&D for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) at Fermilab

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