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Understanding Kinematics: Concepts in Physics

Learn about one-dimensional motion, distance vs. displacement, velocity & speed, instantaneous velocity, acceleration, vector vs. scalar quantities, kinematic equations. Interactive quizzes & visual aids included.

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Understanding Kinematics: Concepts in Physics

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  1. Fig. P1.61, p.21

  2. Defined in terms of a frame of reference One dimensional, so generally the x- or y-axis Position

  3. Displacements

  4. Distance • Distance may be, but is not necessarily, the magnitude of the displacement • Blue line shows the distance • Red line shows the displacement

  5. Velocity and Speed • It takes time for an object to undergo a displacement • The average velocity is rate at which the displacement occurs • generally use a time interval, so let ti = 0 • Speed is a scalar quantity • same units as velocity • total distance / total time • May be, but is not necessarily, the magnitude of the velocity

  6. Instantaneous Velocity • The limit of the average velocity as the time interval becomes infinitesimally short, or as the time interval approaches zero • The instantaneous velocity indicates what is happening at every point of time

  7. AF_0201.swf AF_0203.swf

  8. Acceleration • Changing velocity (non-uniform) means an acceleration is present • Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity • Units are m/s² (SI), cm/s² (cgs), and ft/s² (US Cust)

  9. Do quiz 2a, 1-4 Fig. 2.9, p.35

  10. Fig. 2.10, p.36

  11. Fig. 2.7, p.33

  12. Kinematic Equations

  13. Fig. 2.12, p.39

  14. Fig. 2.14, p.43

  15. AF_0213.swf

  16. Vector Quantities • Vector quantities need both magnitude (size) and direction to completely describe them • Represented by an arrow, the length of the arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the vector • Head of the arrow represents the direction • Generally printed in bold face type Scalar Quantities • Scalar quantities are completely described by magnitude only

  17. Fig. 3.9, p.62

  18. AF_0306.swf

  19. Fig. 3.11, p.63

  20. Fig. 3.13a, p.65

  21. Fig. 3.13b, p.65

  22. Fig. 3.2, p.59

  23. AF_0302.swf

  24. Fig. 3.14, p.65

  25. Students All Take Calculus Fig. 3.14, p.65

  26. Fig. 3.15, p.66

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