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Viruses

Discover the anatomy and genetic makeup of viruses, including the obligate intracellular parasites with various genetic materials and protein coats. Learn about bacteriophages like T4 phage and different viral life cycles such as lytic and lysogenic cycles. Explore the significance of viral envelopes and retroviruses in cell infection and replication.

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Viruses

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  1. Viruses • Are obligate intracellular parasites • Some are small as ribosome • Some bigger than some bacteria

  2. anatomy of a virus All contain a sort ofgenetic material Could be DNA (single or double stranded) Could be RNA (single or double stranded) All contain aproteincoat enclosing the genetic material=capsule Some have a viral envelope that is derived from a host cell membrane

  3. BACTERIOPHAGES (Phage) are the best understood viruses An example of a phage is the T4 phage Its life cycle always results in the death of host cell This cycle is called the lytic cycle If this is the only life cycle the phage is a virulent phage

  4. Viral life cycles

  5. Lysogenic cycle -temperate phages -DNA is incorporated into host genome -called prophage -may enter the lytic cycle -environmental triggers

  6. Viral envelopes Have glycoproteins that help bind to cell membrane Capsid enters cell Genetic material copied New capsid proteins made Glycoproteins produced in ER Viruses bud out of cell

  7. Retroviruses Single stranded RNA that acts as template for DNA

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