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Delve into the remote sensing process, in situ versus remote sensing data collection, the role of science and art, advantages and drawbacks, and potential of remote sensing. Explore the science and art of data collection, analysis, and interpretation in the context of remote sensing. Adapted from Buenemann by Campbell 2010.
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Introduction to Remote Sensing
Objectives • Briefly consider the remote sensing process • Discuss the meaning of in situ and remote sensing data collection • Differentiate between these two types of data collection • Evaluate the importance of science and art in the context of remote sensing • Relate remote sensing to other sciences • Discuss some of the advantages, limitations, challenges, and potentials of remote sensing Adapted from Buenemann by Campbell 2010
The RS Process in a Nutshell Observation of phenomenon Statement of problem Statement of significance Statement of objectives (Formulation of hypothesis) Suggestion of methodology Collection of data (Testing of hypothesis) Data analysis Interpretation of results Presentation of results Rejection hypothesis Failure to reject hypothesis Generation of new hypotheses Discussion of results Summary & Conclusions Adapted from Buenemann by Campbell 2010
In Situ Data Collection • Collection of data in the field • Purpose of in-situ data in a RS context: • Obtain precise x, y, z geographic coordinates • Acquire spectral measurements • Obtain ground reference data • Tools used to obtain in situ data • Types of in situ data • Advantages • Disadvantages Adapted from Buenemann by Campbell 2010
Remote Sensing Data Collection • Definition of photogrammetry: • “the art of science of obtaining reliable measurement by means of photography” (ASP 1944, 1952, 66) Jensen 2000 Adapted from Buenemann by Campbell 2010
Remote Sensing Data Collection • ASPRS definition of remote sensing: • “the measurement or acquisition of information of some property of an object or phenomenon, by a recoding device that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object or phenomenon under study.” (Colwell 1983) • Remote sensing instrument = sensor Adapted from Buenemann by Campbell 2010
Remote Sensing Data Collection • 1988 ASPRS definition of photogrammetry and remote sensing: • “photogrammetry and remote sensing are the art, science, and technology of obtaining information about physical objects and the environment, through the process of recording, measuring and interpreting imagery and digital representations of energy patterns derived from noncontact sensors.” (Colwell 1997) Jensen 2005: 2.
Remote Sensing — A Science? • What’s a science? • Field of human knowledge • Hypotheses, laws, theories, facts, scientific method, … • Sciences • Physical, biological, social sciences • Mathematics and logics = sciences or tools for science? • Remote sensing • Tool • Technique • Scientific activity Jensen 2005: 4. Adapted from Buenemann by Campbell 2010
Remote Sensing — A Science? Developmental Stagesof a Scientific Discipline Sigmoid / logistic curve describes Remote Sensing Growth rate of publications * Adapted from Jensen 2000: 5. Developmental Stagesof Scholarly Field Little/no social organization Growth of collaboration Increasing specialization + controversy Membership decline Adapted from Buenemann by Campbell 2010
Remote Sensing — An Art? • Real-world experience • Quality of image analyst Understanding of scientific principles Real-world knowledge Synthesis of scientific principles & real-world knowledge Logical conclusions Adapted from Buenemann by Campbell 2010
Advantages Unobtrusive (passive sensors only, e.g., LANDSAT) Systematic data collection – less bias than in some in situ investigations Provides spatially continuous data Synoptic view – may provide fundamental biophysical data for large and remote areas Limitations Intrusive (active sensors only, e.g., radars) Human method-induced errors (e.g., in sensor selection, calibration) No magic bullet that provides all the information needed for scientific research Cost of data and data collection, analysis, and interpretation Remote Sensing — Pros & Cons Adapted from Buenemann by Campbell 2010