1) Gene flow

1. 1) Gene flow • A) is movement of alleles from one population to another • B) counts as true gene flow only if immigrant individuals breed within their new population • C) makes populations more similar genetically • D) decreases Fst • E) all of the above

2. 2) Genetic drift • 1: is when snakes drift from the mainland to an island • 2: is random change in allele frequency • 3: is potentially important in small populations • 4: is important in large populations only if selection is extremely weak or non-existent • A) all answers above are correct • B) answers 1, 3, and 4 are correct • C) answers 2, 3, and 4 are correct • D) answers 2 and 3 are correct • E) none of the answers above are correct

3. 3) Founder effects A) differ between plants and animals • B) reflect chance events when small populations are started • C) reflect selection among alternative alleles • D) all of the above • E) none of the above

4. 4) If a new allele has a frequency of 1% in a population, and the mutation that caused that new allele is a synonymous mutation, then the odds that that allele goes to fixation are: • A) 100% • B) 5% • C) 1% • D) 85% • E) 0%

5. 5) What is the difference between population size (N) and effective population size (Ne)? • A) just a subscript “e”, no real difference • B) Ne is always less than or equal to N • C) Ne reflects the total number of adults, not the number who breed, and not juveniles • D) genetic variation in the next generation depends upon N not Ne • E) heterozygosity decreases due to drift as a function of N not Ne

6. 6) inbreeding • A) increases the number (allele frequency) of deleterious recessive mutations • B) decreases the expression of deleterious mutations • C) increases heterozygosity • D) increases homozygosity • E) answers B and C are correct