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Exploring Universe: Interactions of Atoms and Molecules in Space

This study delves into the chemistry and biology behind the interactions of atoms and molecules in space, examining their existence, formation, and behaviors through spectroscopy and thermochemistry. Explore the universe's molecular energies, quantum properties, and the role of light in shaping matter. Resources like molecular databases and astronomical observations shed light on molecules in the interstellar medium and provide insights into the cosmic landscape.

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Exploring Universe: Interactions of Atoms and Molecules in Space

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  1. EÐL620M / Life in the Universe Astrophysics – chemistry – Biology – earth-/planetary sciences • Atoms - chemical bond • Carbon chemical bond • Atoms and molecules in space; • Informations derived from spectroscopy • Molecules in the universe; • Existance and formation • Interactions between light and matter ; • photochemistry, photoionization, • photofragmentation • Thermochemistry in the Universe • Biochemistry

  2. s E s : : : : n = 3 n = 2 n = 1 Molecular energies(orbitals) also quantized : : E : : : : : : 2x n = 3 n = 2 2x ? n = 1 2x

  3. Net force = F = F+ + F- Attraction forces, F- Repulsion forces, F+ NB - + - + - -

  4. - F: F: F: F: . U r 0 * * dU F = - dr * - * r

  5. Net force = F = F+ + F- Attraction forces, F- Repulsion forces, F+ U e.g. energy depends on the distance between atoms Potential curve r - + - + - -

  6. E E : : : : A(n=3) A(n=3) + B n = 3 n = 3 A(n=2) A(n=2) + B n = 2 n = 2 A(n=1) A(n=1) + B n = 1 n = 1 A A - B rAB

  7. Y A(n) + B A(n) + B v = 3 v = 2 E(v) v = 1 v = 0 rAB rAB A - B A - B

  8. max Ekin = Evib Evib increases with v Ekin Ekin Upot Upot A - B A B A(n) + B E(v) =Etotal rAB

  9. Evib increases with v A - B A B A(n) + B E(v) =Etotal Evib » C(v+1/2) rAB

  10. E(J) J=5 J=4 J=3 J=2 J=1 J=0 E(J)increases with J E(J) = BJ(J+1)

  11. A-B A E(n) E(v) : : n ¥ : E(J) n=3 : : n=2 E(n) : : n=1 E(n)

  12. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  13. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  14. A-B A E(n) E(v) : : n ¥ : E(J) n=3 : : n=2 E(n) : : n=1 E(n)

  15. ...or emission:

  16. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  17. http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/spectra.html Orion nebula H atom

  18. Wave- length prism

  19. A-B A=H E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  20. A-B A=H E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  21. H2

  22. Databases: • molecules: • http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/form-ser.html.en-us.en • http://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/41f558ea2dcc24a0ead3ab58afde0443,0/Spectra/Catalogue_Spectra_5p4.html • atoms: • http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/asd.cfm • http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/amdata/ampdata/kurucz23/sekur.html

  23. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  24. carbonmonoxide Microwave spectra / Rotational spectra methanol Glycine

  25. Glycine but:

  26. Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules

  27. Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells :

  28. : Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells:

  29. :Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells

  30. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10542.html:

  31. Formed in the vicinity of young stars (?)

  32. % elements by weight »75% »25% <1% Hydrogen(H) Helium(He) other(C,O,N,Si..)

  33. + -

  34. + + + + + nhn + - nAB nAB = nhn E

  35. + -

  36. + + + + + + nhn - nAB nAB = nhn E

  37. H – detection?: - H nonpolar => no absorption due to rotational or vibrational excitations • Absorption in the vacuum UV region / affected by the atmosphere Earth

  38. H – detection?: - H nonpolar => no absorption due to rotational or vibrational excitations • Absorption in the vacuum UV region / affected by the atmosphere Earth

  39. l = 21 cm n = 1420.4 MHz Lifetime: ..........106 ár (t0) Effective lifetime...500 ár (t)

  40. http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/spectra.html Orion nebula H atom

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