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Sugar. Sugars in food: AKA. Sucrose/sucralose Table sugar, raw sugar, turbinado sugar Granulated cane sugar Confectioner’s or powdered sugar Brown sugar Invert sugar Maple syrup Polydextrose Maltose Maltodextrin. Molasses Honey Date sugar Corn sweeteners Corn syrup/HFCS
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Sugars in food: AKA • Sucrose/sucralose • Table sugar, raw sugar, turbinado sugar • Granulated cane sugar • Confectioner’s or powdered sugar • Brown sugar • Invert sugar • Maple syrup • Polydextrose • Maltose • Maltodextrin • Molasses • Honey • Date sugar • Corn sweeteners • Corn syrup/HFCS • Fruit sugar (fructose) • Levulose • Fruit juice concentrate • Concentrated fruit juice sweetener • Glucose • dextrose
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVsgXPt564Q&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEbRxTOyGf0 • http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/OnCall/story?id=4439943&page=1
High Fructose Corn Syrup • What is it? • Sweetener made from corn • Metabolized in body similar to sugar • FDA: “Generally recognized as safe.” • Still controversial • Does it promote obesity? • Enhances flavor, softens texture & protects freshness
Artificial Sweeteners • The good & the bad. • Not metabolized the same way as sugar • Saves calories • But… • People may end up consuming more • Real sugar packet = 1 teaspoon = 16 calories
Artificial Sweeteners • Saccharin: • AKA: Sweet & Low • One of the first substitutes approved by FDA • Aspartame: • AKA: Nutrasweet or Equal • Approved by FDA in 1981 • Stevia: • South American shrub • Not approved by FDA
Artificial Sweeteners continued • Sucralose: • AKA: Splenda • 600 times sweeter than sugar • Approved by FDA in 1998 • Neotame: • 7,000 times sweeter than sugar • FDA preliminary reports “safe”
Activity • So.. How much sugar is actually in some common products? • Conversion factor: 4 grams = 1 teaspoon
“Mountain Dew Mouth” • http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&q=Mountain%20Dew%20Mouth&rlz=1W1HPIA_en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wv#
Soda & Calories • In General: • 12 oz Pepsi – 150 calories • 32 oz Pepsi – 400 calories • 64 oz Pepsi – 800 calories
Soda & Obesity – connection? • Harvard Study: • Obesity increases significantly with each daily serving of sugar-sweetened soft drink. • Soft drinks currently are the leading source of added sugar in the daily diet. • “It is not uncommon for teenagers to receive 500 to 1000 calories per day from sugar-sweetened drinks.” (David Ludwig, coauthor) • (Gortmaker, S., & Ludwig, D., (2001) Harvard School of Public Health)
Soda & Obesity continued • Overall, it is easy to over-consume calories. • Are diet sodas healthier? • Soda & Heart Disease • Should they be regulated?
Soda & Bones • Girls who are active: • 5x more likely to have bone fractures with soda consumption. • Theory of why: • Phosphoric acid may affect calcium metabolism and bone mass. • (Wyshak, G., (2000), Harvard School of Public Health)
Beverages • Six levels • Water • Tea & Coffee • Low-Fat, Skim Milks & Soy beverages • Noncalorically sweetened beverages • Caloric beverages with some nutrients • Calorically sweetened beverages • (Source: Harvard School of Public Health)