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WEATHERING & EROSION

WEATHERING & EROSION. Chapter 4 Test 3 material Begin. ASSIGNMENT. WRITE A 1-2 PAGE REPORT ON HOW KARST TOPOGRAPHY HAS INFLUENCED LANDFORMS IN THE MIDWEST 10 POINTS – DUE IN 1 WEEK. WEATHERING.

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WEATHERING & EROSION

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  1. WEATHERING & EROSION Chapter 4 Test 3 material Begin

  2. ASSIGNMENT • WRITE A 1-2 PAGE REPORT ON HOW KARST TOPOGRAPHY HAS INFLUENCED LANDFORMS IN THE MIDWEST • 10 POINTS – DUE IN 1 WEEK

  3. WEATHERING • PROCESSES BY WHICH ROCKS ARE CHEMICALLY ALTERED OR PHYSICALLY BROKEN INTO FRAGMENTS AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO THE ELEMENTS

  4. MECHANICAL WEATHERING • ROCK IS BROKEN INTO SMALLER AND SMALLER PIECES EACH RETAINING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ORIGINAL MATERIAL • FROST WEDGING-FREEZE/THAW • UNLOADING - SHEETING • BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

  5. spheroidal

  6. CHEMICAL WEATHERING • COMPLEX PROCESSES THAT ALTER THE INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF MINERALS BY REMOVING AND/OR ADDING ELEMENTS • WATER AND CARBONIC ACID - OXIDATION

  7. EROSION • THE PROCESSES THAT LOOSEN SEDIMENT AND MOVE IT FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER

  8. CYCLE OF EROSIONWILLIAM MORRIS DAVIS • YOUTH • MATURITY • OLD AGE • REJUVENATION

  9. FACTORS OF WEATHERING AND EROSION • CLIMATE • THE TYPE OF ROCK • THE AMOUNT OF VEGETATION

  10. DIFFERENTIAL WEATHERING/EROSION • DIFFERENT ROCKS WEATHER & ERODE AT DIFFERENT RATES

  11. LANDFORM FEATURES • PLATEAUS ERODE TO MESAS • MESAS ERODE TO BUTTES

  12. buttes

  13. DIFFERENTIAL WEATHERING/EROSION • LIMESTONE BEST ILLUSTRATES THIS • IN DRY CLIMATES LIMESTONE PRODUCES MOUNTAINS • IN WET CLIMATES WITH ACIDIC WATER QUALITY IT PRODUCES FEATURES OF KARST TOPOGRAPHY

  14. KARST TOPOGRAPHY FEATURES • SINKHOLES/DOLINES • STALACTITES • STALAGMITES • COLUMNS • FOUND IN ILLINOIS, MISSOURI, KENTUCKY, FLORIDA, INDIANA, YUGOSLAVIA

  15. KARST

  16. SINKHOLE

  17. VIRTUAL CAVE • http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtcave/virtmap.html

  18. GRADATION • WEARS DOWN AREAS OF GREAT RELIEF AND BUILDS UP AREAS OF LOW RELIEF • CHIEF PHYSICAL AGENT OF GRADATION IS WATER • TIME ALLOWS GRADATIONAL PROCESSES TO WORK

  19. EQUILIBRIUM • PERFECT BALANCE IN NATURE • THRESHOLD • RESPONSE TIME • RELAXATION TIME

  20. ANGLE OF REPOSE • MAXIMUM ANGLE MATERIAL STAYS STABLE BEFORE MOVING DOWNSLOPE • FOR UNCONSOLIDATED MATERIAL THIS IS BETWEEN 25 TO 40 DEGREES

  21. Angle of repose

  22. MASS WASTING • DOWNSLOPE MOVEMENT OF ROCK AND SOIL UNDER THE DIRECT INFLUENCE OF GRAVITY • GRAVITY IS THE CONTROLLING FORCE OF MASS WASTING

  23. CLASSES OF MASS MOVEMENTS • FALL • SLIDE • FLOW • CREEP - MATERIAL MOVED BY CREEP ACTION IS REFERRED TO AS COLLUVIUM

  24. FALL

  25. Rock fall

  26. slide

  27. flow

  28. creep

  29. SLUMP • DOWNWARD SLIPPING OF A MASS OF ROCK OR MATERIAL MOVING AS A UNIT ALONG A CURVED SURFACE

  30. slump

  31. WHY SLUMP OCCURS • OVERSTEEPENED - MATERIAL REMOVED FROM BOTTOM OF SLOPE • OVERLOADING - LESS RESISTANT MATERIAL IN UNDERLYING LAYERS

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