ACADs (08-006) Covered Keywords

1. Radiological Environmental Monitoring Programs (REMP) ACADs (08-006) Covered Keywords Pathways, pathway analysis, preoperational monitoring, water sampling, plant effects, trends in environment. Description Supporting Material Instructor Notes

2. Enabling Objectives • Objectives of REMP • REMP Requirements Document • Two Primary Pathways • Parameters of Critical Pathway Analysis • Importance of Preoperational Monitoring • Direct Radiation Measurements • Local, Perimeter, & Remote Stations

3. Enabling Objectives • Categories of Food Products • Water Sampling Technique • Categories of Fish • Quality Control Samples • Purpose of Land Use Survey • Predominant Fission/Activation Product • Results Report

4. REMP Objectives • Determine Plant Effects on People • Determine Trends of Radioactivity in the Environment • Provide Assurance to the Public • Meet Regulatory Requirements • Provide for Monitoring during Emergencies

5. REMP Bases • 10 CFR 50, Appendix A, General Design Criterion 64 - Monitor Plant Environs for Radioactivity. • 10 CFR 50, Appendix I, Appropriate Monitoring to Evaluate Doses. • NRC Generic Letter 89-01 – Programmatic Controls in Tech Specs & ODCM

6. REMP Descriptions • FSAR – General Monitoring Program • Plant Technical Specifications – Administrative Controls. • Plant Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (ODCM) – Specific Requirements for the Monitoring Programs

7. Critical Pathways • Airborne Pathways • Waterborne Pathways

8. Airborne Pathways • Direct (Air)1. Direct Radiation2. Inhalation • Indirect (Ground or Terrestrial)1. Materials Deposited on Ground2. Materials Deposited on Plants and Ingested.

9. Waterborne Pathway • Ingestion of Water • Ingestion of Fish or other Aquatic Animals or Plants • Direct Exposure at the Shoreline

10. Pathways for Exposure

11. Parameters for aCritical Pathway Analysis • Dose Projections • Weather Patterns • Population Distribution • Land Use

12. Air-Related Pathways Dose Conc. LLDmRem/yr1. Air pCi/m3pCi/m3 I-131 0.05 0.0024 0.0100 Noble Gas 0.43 2. Milk pCi/LpCi/L I-131 0.09 0.05 0.503. Vegetables pCi/KgpCi/Kg I-131 0.62 0.21 1-8 Sr-90 1.00 0.11 8 Sr-89 0.70 1.00 40

13. RankingAir-Related Pathways Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr) SrIodineNoble Gases • Vegetation(1.7) Milk (>1)(1.0 Sr-90) (Conservative(0.7 Sr-89) Assumptions) • Vegetation (0.62) Direct (0.43) • Inhalation (0.05) Milk (0.09) (Actual Location)

14. Dose Distribution – SQN % of Total MonitorsRank Dose Sector 1-10 Miles>10 Miles 1 19.1 SSW LM, PM 2 15.4 NNE LM, PM RM 3 13.9 NE LM 4 9.0 N LM, PM 5 9.0 SW PM RM 6 6.6 S 7 5.0 SSE 8 4.7 ENE 9 3.4 SE 10 3.0 NNW 11 2.5 WSW PM 12 2.3 E 13 2.2 ESE RM 14 1.5 W PM 15 1.4 NW 16 0.9 WNW RM

15. Dose DistributionTimes Population - SQN % of TotalRank DoseSectorMonitors, 1-10 Miles 1 19 SSW LM, PM 2 15 WSW PM 3 12 SW PM 4 9 NW 5 9 W PM 6 6 WNW 7 5 S 8 3 NNW 9 3 SSE 10 2 N LM 11 2 NNE LM 12 2 SE 13 1 ESE 14 1 NE LM 15 1 ENE 16 1 E

16. Water-Related Pathways Annual DosemRem/yrConcentrationLLD • Water pCi/LpCi/LMF&AP 0.0023 0.0920 5-10I-131 0.0051 0.0036 1-8H-3 0.0001 2.0000 330Sr-90 0.0022 0.0004 2 • Fish pCi/gpCi/gMF&AP 0.3800 2.0000 0.01-0.10I-131 0.0210 0.0020 0.02Sr-90 0.0055 0.0001 0.10 MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products

17. RankingWater-Related Pathways Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr) IodineSrMF&AP • Fish (0.38) • Fish Ingestion (0.021) • Water Water Water Ingestion (0.0051) Ingestion (0.0022) Ingestion Fish (0.0055) (0.0023) MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products

18. PreoperationalMonitoring Program • Establish Background Radiation Levels • Identify Fluctuations in Background Data

19. Background Fluctuations • Seasonal • Annual • Random

20. Gross Beta in Air

21. ThermoluminescentDosimeter

22. Direct RadiationMonitoring

23. Atmospheric MonitoringStations • Local Monitors (LM) – On or Adjacent to the Site Boundary • Perimeter Monitors (PM) – 3-10 Miles from the Site • Remote Monitors (RM) – > 10 Miles from the Site

24. Air Monitor Station

25. Original Air Filter

26. Air FlowMeasuring Equipment

27. Present Air SampleCollector

28. Air Filter Assembly

29. Rainwater Collection Tray

30. One Type ofSoil Sampler

31. Typical Food Products - 1 • Fresh Leafy Vegetables1. Lettuce2. Cabbage3. Greens • Other Vegetables1. Tomatoes2. Green Beans3. Corn

32. Typical Food Products - 2 • Tubers1. Potatoes2. Turnips • Fruits1. Apples2. Peaches • Meat/Poultry1. Beef2. Chicken

33. Water Sampling Station

34. Fish Samples • Commercial Species1. Catfish2. Smallmouth Buffalo • Game Species1. Bass2. Crappie

35. Electrofishing

36. Sample Analyses • Gross Beta – Low Background Counter • I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta-Gamma Coincidence Counting • Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct. • Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting

37. Liquid ScintillationCounting

38. Sample Analyses • Gross Beta – Low Background Counter • I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta-Gamma Coincidence Counting • Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct. • Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting • Gamma – Gamma Spectroscopy1. Marinelli Beaker2. “Cottage Cheese” Type Container, Various • Charcoal Cartridge – High Resolution Gamma

39. Marinelli Beakers

40. Counting Solid Samples

41. Quality Control Program • Equipment Checks • Laboratory Cross Check Program with Outside Laboratory • Split Samples with AL, TN, & EPA • Quality Control Samples • Supervisors Review Trends/Problems

42. Quality Control Samples • Blank Samples • Duplicate Samples • Split Samples • Analytical Knowns • Blind Spikes • Internal Cross-Checks

43. Land Use Survey

48. Cs-137 in Soil

50. Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report • Site/Plant Descriptions • Monitoring Program Description • Assessment/Evaluation of Plant Impacts • Monitoring Program Modifications • Missed Samples/Analyses