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Pro Se, No Way: Increasing Market Share and Access to Justice Through Limited Scope Representation. Amy Dunn Johnson Vincent Morris. Pop Quiz: Question #1. Of the following countries, which one ranks the lowest on the World Justice Project Civil Justice Index for access to civil justice?
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Pro Se, No Way: Increasing Market Share and Access to Justice Through Limited Scope Representation Amy Dunn Johnson Vincent Morris
Pop Quiz: Question #1 Of the following countries, which one ranks the lowest on the World Justice Project Civil Justice Index for access to civil justice? Iran Ukraine Sierra Leone United States
The U.S. ranks 65th out of 100 countries in access to and affordability of civil legal services and is the lowestamong industrialized nations. Source: WJP Rule of Law Index 2014
Pop Quiz: Question #2 A 2011 Arkansas study on self-represented unrepresented litigants in family law cases. The study indicated that what percentage of these cases had at least one unrepresented party? 54% 68% 71% 99%
Cases with Unrepresented Litigants Source: Chanley Painter, Exploring the Problem of Self-Represented Litigants in Arkansas Civil Courts (2011)
Pop Quiz: Question #3 For 2013 graduates of UA and the UALR Bowen School of Law, what percentage are currently employed in jobs that require a JD? 62% 74% 88% 91%
As of March 2014, 62% of Arkansas law school graduates were employed in jobs requiring bar passage. Source: American Bar Association Section of Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar
Poverty in Arkansas According to the 2010 Census: • The total population of Arkansas is 2,915,918 • 724,000 people, or 25% of the state’s population qualify for legal aid
Three Avenues to Court • Legal aid • Pro bono attorneys • Self representation
Legal Aid in Arkansas • There are two legal aid programs in Arkansas: • Legal Aid of Arkansas (LAA) • Center for Arkansas Legal Services (CALS) LAA CALS
Each year, these two programs receive about 30,000 calls for help • Approximately half of all qualified families are turned away due to lack of resources
Pro Bono Service in Arkansas • 8,500 licensed attorneys in Arkansas • In 2012, 67% of licensed attorneys reported having performed pro bono service • In 2012, 1103 private attorneys volunteered to take pro bono cases through legal aid
It’s Not Just Poor People “Less than 4 out of 10 moderate income people turn to the legal system for their legal problems. More than a quarter of them do nothing.” Source: American Bar Association
The New Reality • We will never be able to provide lawyer for every poor person, let alone everyone of modest means • Proliferation of online affordable fixed-fee services such as Rocket Lawyer and LegalZoom. “DIY” effect. • Increasing availability of technology that can automate routine aspects of legal practice
How Can the Legal Marketplace Adapt? Ark. R. Prof. Conduct 1.2(c): “A lawyer may limit the scope of the representation if the representation is reasonable under the circumstances and the client gives informed consent.”
Unbundling: What it Does • Makes legal services affordable to persons of modest means • Affords attorneys the opportunity to acquire previously unprofitable work that is time-limited and higher in volume
Unbundling: What it Is Lawyer provides representation only with regard to a clearly-defined portion of the client’s needs. Examples: • Document drafting or review • “Ghostwriting” pleadings for a specific case • Limited appearances • Legal coaching/strategy • Conducting legal research
Unbundling: What it is NOT • A substitute for full representation when the matter is too complex or the client to unsophisticated • Representation until the retainer is exhausted • Second-class service • Pro bono or “low” bono work
Unbundling: Common Concerns • Malpractice risk • Judicial willingness to honor limited appearances • Communication between client and opposing counsel when representation ends • Ghostwriting for a pro se litigant who is appearing on behalf of an estate or entity
Unbundling: Best Practices • Establish good intake process • Conduct conflict checks • Provide client education materials • Keep records of interactions with client • Explain unbundled services to full-service clients • Make sure unbundled legal services are covered by malpractice insurance • Confirm completion of matter in writing • Provide good customer service
Unbundling in Arkansas • Arkansas Access to Justice Commission Task Force on Self-Represented Litigants • ABA-funded Pilot Project on Limited Scope Representation for Uncontested Divorces with Children • “Pro Bono in a Box” Clinics
Resources • ABA Resolution on Unbundling: www.arkansasjustice.org/node/192 • Stephanie L. Kimbro, Limited Scope Legal Services (2012). • Arkansas Legal Services Partnership Website: www.arlegalservices.org • Arkansas Access to Justice Commission Website: www.arkansasjustice.org/limitedscope
Contact Us Arkansas Access to Justice Commission 1300 W. 6th Street, Room 110 Little Rock, AR 72201 (501) 492-7175 | fax (501) 682-9421 www.arkansasjustice.org