NILU AQM training experience

1. NILU AQM training experience Steinar Larssen and Bjarne Sivertsen Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway

2. 挪威大气研究所 The Norwegian Institute for Air Research - NILU One of the largest institutes in Europe specialising in research and services on all aspects of Air Pollution on all scales 挪威大气研究所是欧洲最大的专门从事各种规模的、全方位的大气污染研究与服务的机构

3. Air Quality Management Components AQM-programme AQM-system AQM-plan Socio-economic factors: • Urbanisation • Transport & industry • The Climate Change threat Policy Tools: Legislation • Monitoring • Integrated modelling • Scenario building • Validate change Environment: • Emissions • Air quality • Impact Awareness Raising Stakeholder participation Action Plan Enforcement

4. Identify most cost-effective options AQMS – main objective: Identify actions to improve air quality

5. At this stage in time, when we are faced both with climate change and air pollution challenges, we must identify and implement policies and technologies that act on both problem areas and develop integrated cost-effective strategies Integrated energy and air quality management is needed

6. Implement measures that reduce both green house gas (GHG) emissions and local air pollutants at the same time- analyse and use the ”co-benefits” of control measures Examples of measures with strong co-benefits:- clean energy (cleaner coal, renewables,..)- energy efficiency- fuel switching in industry and transport sectors- etc, etc. Integrated energy and air quality management

7. Objective: to maximize net benefits (benefits minus control costs) Total Cost of all control measures Benefits of both air pollution and GHGs as well as other benefits Target: both local pollutants and GHGs Ways: to actively control both GHGs and local pollutants together Dimensions: technology, project, program, policy etc Concept of co-control

8. Strategy Planning Optimal Abatement Strategy Prioritise actions to improve air quality and reduce GHG emissions most cost-effective options

9. Impact Pathway Approach The complete integrated analyses Identify sources Emission inventory Meteorological data Dispersion and turbulence Dispersion modelling SO2, NOx, PM + Concentrations, Exposure modelling Exposure/response functions Effect / cost data Optimised plan

10. Dispersion modelling Monitoring Air Quality (Air pollution concentrations) Emissions Exposure assessment Abatement measures/ regulations Control options Damage assessment Cost analysis AQ Management Model Concept GHG

11. Energy and Air Pollution Management • Energy carriers • coal, oil, gas,biomass, electricity, … Energy consumption Processes Heat / energy production Energy efficiency Cleaner production Boilers, etc Emissions and effects Many sources, chimneys Control/ Abatement actions Monitoring / Show concentrations Urban / local Province / region Global Health effects Acidification Photochemical smog Haze Climate change Persistent chemicals SO2, PM, NOX, Heavy metals, … SO2, NOX, VOC, PM, … CO2, CH4, Black carbon PM, Hg, … Integrated Air Pollution Control Air Pollution Modelling

12. Development of Air Quality Management Strategy Plan l Sources Assessment l Monitor l Exposure l Source - exposure l Contributions to exposure l Damage Control l Control options l Cost - benefit Masterplan l Control strategy l Investment plan l Develop institutions Surveillance and enforcement l AQ Information System

13. Monitoring -network design, network operation - QAQC / reference laboratory, audits - data acquisition / data base - data presentation / statistics,… Information - data dissemination / web pages Forecasting - tomorrow’s air quality AQM strategy development- integrated AQM system - emissions inventory, modelling - exposure / health effects - scenarios: baseline / control scenarios - cost analysis, strategy formulations Implementation of action plans and strategies Necessary tools to do Air Quality Management

14. The elements of an AQMS

15. The AirQUIS software products AirQUIS系列软件产品 NILUs AirQUIS product line provides support for state of the art professional management of air quality by governments or industry挪威大气研究所的AirQUIS产品系列为政府或企业进行现代化的空气质量提供支持。 It is based on decades of scientific research and management support for governments and industries world wide.它是在几十年为世界范围的政府和企业进行科学研究和提供管理技术支持的基础上开发出来的。 Consisting of 4 products, to be used separately or together.它包括4个产品，既可单独使用，也可整合应用。 AirQUIS Monitoring 监测系统 AirQUIS Modelling 模型模拟系统 AirQUIS Information 信息系统 AirQUIS Reporting 报告系统 www.airquis.com

16. NILU training modules • Understanding Air Quality • Monitoring programme design • QA/QC system • AQ data assessment • Air Quality Management • AQM system - AirQUIS

17. The Air QUIS modules AQ monitoring; design,data retrieval, QA/QC, statistics Emission inventories AQ modelling Abatement strategies A.Q. information systems; Online data Internet applications Technical Training courses

18. NILU training experiences • Performed for various clients: • World Health Organisation • World Bank • Clean Air for Asia, training programme • National authorities • Linked to project developments • Often based on training needs assessment • Includes basic training and expert training • Handouts and material supported • AQMS followed by hands-on training

19. Training programmes carried out Related to project developments (examples): • Egypt, national monitoring programme (EEAA) • Guangzhou, China • Yantai, China • Ho Chi Minh City (HEPA), Vietnam • Durban, South Africa • Shanxi Province, China • Dakar, Senegal • Abu Dhabi, UAR • other city and national government experts

20. Features of the AQM training programmes, and topics dealt with • Integrated AQMS: • For decision makers • For technical staff • User friendly Planning tool • On-line information • Data dissemination • Air Quality forecasts • Best solutions • Cost-effective options • Optimal abatement scenarios • Sustainable development

21. A Sino-Norwegian cooperation project implemented during 2001-2005 by the Shanxi Environment Information Centre (SEIC) and the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) with partners funded by Shanxi Provincial Government and Norwegian Development Agency (NORAD) An example of results of an AQM training programme in China:Shanxi Air Pollution Management project:Master Plan development

22. The project mainly focus on 3 pilot cities:Taiyuan, Datong and Yangquan. Shanxi Province, and the investigated cities

23. SO2 modelling example in Taiyuan: Isolines of SO2 concentrations, average over the heating season 60-80 200-300 2015 with full set of control scenarios Base-case 2000

24. Cost benefit analysis A comparison of cost-benefit of various control options for SO2 and TSP in Taiyuan

25. District heating Natural gas utilization Clean coal technologies Implementation of productivity policies Dust control Improved desulfurization in power plants Prioritized control scenarios According to the cost-benefit analysis, the resulting ranking of the emission control scenarios is However, the implementation of the state productivity policies is mandatory without preconditions, therefore with the priority over others.

26. Air Quality Management is string of activities, - usually starting with high quality monitoring, and - ending with implementation of strategies to- actually improve the air quality cost-effectively A successful training programme must include modules dealing with all these aspects Successful AQM requires an - integrated AQM approach and- a technical system for integrating the multitude of tasks: - an AQM software system Summarising

27. Thank you www.nilu.no

28. The Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) Take into account : • Existing Air Quality status, identify the problems • Operational and functional structure requirements • Source identification through emission inventories • Implementable source reduction alternatives • Mechanisms for facilitating interdepartmental cooperation • Institutional building and training requirements AQM System