OSHA, Universal Precautions & Bloodbourne Pathogen Standards

1. OSHA, Universal Precautions&Bloodbourne Pathogen Standards

2. Infection Control … is to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. An infectious disease is any disease caused by the growth of pathogens. http://player.discoveryeducation.com

3. What is a pathogen? • Pathogens are disease causing microorganisms (germs) in the body • It is essential that health care workers maintain a safe environment by following specific policies and procedures designed to reduce the risk of transferring infectious diseases.

4. Who is effected? • Pathogens can be transferred from patient to patient, patient to staff, staff to patient, or staff to staff. • An infection can be generalized or systemic (affects the whole body) or localized (affecting one area of the body)

5. Pathogens • …are very small, usually one-celled, living plants or animals (bacteria, protozoa) They exist every where in the environment but can only be see with the aid of a microscope. • The study of microorganisms is called microbiology.   • The microscope invented in 1600 by Leeuwenhoek, it was not until Louis Pasteur’s work in the 1800’s that the germ theory was developed.

6. Pathogens include: • Bacterium (example: bacterial meningitis or strep throat) • Virus (example: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C) • Fungus (example: athlete’s foot) • Parasites and Prions (transmissible pertinacious infectious agent

7. Important Highlight of the Hx of Infection Control(Fun fact, Hx stands for Medical History) 1843 Wendell Oliver – a contagious disease or communicable disease ( a disease that can be transmitted from one individual to another) might be spread by the contaminated (presence of infectious material) hands of doctors and nurses.

8. Important Highlight of the Hx of Infection Control • Ignaz Phillipp Semmelweis observed that mortality rates were higher when patients attended by physicians or medical students who came directly from the morgue or autopsy room without first washing their hands. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=EAE210B2-5D41-4AE5-87CF-F422CA7DA3E9&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

9. Important Highlight of the Hx of Infection Control • Lord Joseph Lister – 1864 developed the surgical aseptic technique to prevent contamination of the wound and operative sight

10. Fun Fact It is estimated that each of us carries 1014 Bacteria (100,000,000,000,000, or 100 trillion) in and on our bodies and that the total population on our planet excretes 1022 bacteria in feces every day (Thomas, 1989)

11. Centers for Disease Control • US Department of Health and Human Services • studies causes and distribution (epidemiology) of disease to formulate safety guidelines to help prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases.

12. Safety Standards for Clinical Laboratory OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) a federal agency that establishes minimum health and safety standards for the work place and to enforce those standards. OSHA is the “watchdog” of employee safety and conducts on site inspections to verify compliance with its standards

13. Occupational Safety and Health Act An extension of OSHA for hospital staff and deals with compliance of safety regulations, inspection procedures, and penalties for non-compliance.

14. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) • CLSI is an international institute that develops and publishes standards and guidelines for regulatory agencies and accrediting bodies for healthcare (and other) laboratories. • These guidelines and standards must be adhered to in order for the lab to continue testing specimens and operating. • Representatives from government, industry and patient-testing profession compose the members of CLSI.

15. Safety in the Clinical Lab • Include the following: • A formal safety program • Orientation of staff and periodic updating of safety training • Specifically mandated Plans • CHEMICAL HYGEINE PLAN • BLOOD –BOURNE PATHOGEN (exposure control plan) • Identification of physical, chemical and biological hazards

16. Bloodbourne Pathogens • Where are they found? • What are some of the main routes of exposure to BBP? • What are bloodbourne pathogens? • Which Healthcare workers are at greatest exposure risk? • What are some recommendations that reduce the risk of BBP exposure?

17. Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) • Chemical inventory • MSDS • Labeling • Documentation • Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) • Safety equipment controls • PPE • Waste removal and disposal • Precautions for hazardous materials http://www.free-training.com/osha/hazcom/hazmenu.htm

18. Labeling • Maybe the simplest and most effective way to manage and handle hazardous substances

19. MSDS Contains information about a specific chemical to include chemical and trade name, chemical formula, chemical family, manufacturer, hazardous ingredients, physical properties, health and protection information, PPD and equipment requirements for use, first aid, spill and disposal information. Example of MSDS: http://msdsauthoring.com/images/sulfuric_acid_nugentec_ghs_msds.pdf

20. Exposure Control Planto comply with OSHA Standards BBP (Bloodbourne Pathogen) – Any infectious microorganism present in the blood and other body fluids and tissues that can cause disease. The two most prevalent BBP are Hepatitis B and HIV.

21. Exposure Control Planto comply with OSHA Standards Plan • List of jobs tasks with potential BBP exposure • Universal Precautions • Engineering Precautions – • ex. Sharps, disposal containers, needle sheaths

22. Exposure Control Planto comply with OSHA Standards • Work Habits –hand washing • PPE(Personal Protective Equipment) • Disinfection • Hepatitis B Vaccine for employees • Labeling • Training for Employees • Documentation • Medical record of patient • Training records • Sharps injury log

23. Standard Precaution or Universal Precaution (CDC) Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they are contaminated/infectious • Standard precautions • Used for all patients • #1 strategy for control of nosocomial infection • Covers blood, all body fluids, skin breaks, mucous membranes - Standard Precautions synthesize Universal Precautions Nosocomial infection: an infection acquired in the healthcare setting (hospital)

24. Standard PrecautionsCDC • Standard precautions are applied to every patient in the healthcare environment to prevent contact with potentially infectious body fluids. • Blood • All body fluids. Secretions and excretions except sweat, regardless of whether or not they contain visible blood • Nonintact skin • Mucous membranes • Any unidentified body fluids (blood, mucus, sputum, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, feces, vomitus, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, semen, vaginal secretions

25. Universal Precautions • Precautions used as part of Infection Control regarding the prevention of the transmission of Bloodbourne diseases when first aid or healthcare is provided. • Blood and certain body fluids are to be treated as if potentially infectious. Precautions include specific recommendations and the use of gloves, mask, gown and/or protective eyewear when contact with blood or body fluids is anticipated.