Bell Ringer

1. Bell Ringer • What was the main cause of the Civil War? • When it came to the Civil War, who was more prepared? Why? • Name an important figure from the Civil War.

2. Bell Ringer • What was the “Anaconda Plan?” • What was the Emancipation Proclamation? • How did the North & South name their battles during the Civil War? Explain.

3. Bell Ringer • What battle is considered the turning point of the Civil War? • Why was Gettysburg such a critical loss for Robert E Lee? • What is total war?

4. CH 10: The Civil War

6. Before the War • We have discussed many ways in which the US attempted to deal with the issue of slavery. • Balance of Free & Slave States • Missouri Compromise • Compromise of 1850 • Kansas Nebraska Act • None of these would work, and would eventually lead to the war. • The War is about Slavery. Other factors are cited, but the sectional divide over this issue is the cause.

7. ”One section of our country believes slavery is right and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is wrong and ought not to be extended. This is the only substantial dispute.” • Abraham Lincoln

8. Gone With the Wind • CHARLES: Are you hinting, Mr. Butler, that the Yankees can lick us? • RHETT: No, I'm not hinting. I'm saying very plainly that the Yankees are better equipped than we. They've got factories, shipyards, coalmines... and a fleet to bottle up our harbors and starve us to death. All we've got is cotton, and slaves and ...arrogance. • When looking strictly at factual information the North is more equipped for a war than the South.

10. The North had twice the population of the South • At the start of the war, the value of all manufactured goods produced in all the Confederate states added up to less than one-fourth of those produced in New York State alone. • The South did have more West Point trained Generals than the North & were fighting a defensive war. Many pointed to these facts as intangibles that could win the south the war • Lest you forget, there are still 100,000s of SLAVES in the South that need “supervision.”

13. The Last Slave Census

14. The War Starts • People would readily enlist for the war. • 70,000 people fought in the first Battle. • Civilians from the North and South rode out to watch the first battle like it was a show. • Both sides think the war will be quick and easy. • Close to 5,000 people die at the First Battle of Bull Run, and everyone suddenly realizes they are at war. (Confederates Win)

15. Battles & Names • There is a disparity between the sides in naming some of the battles of the war. • The Union forces frequently named battles for bodies of water or other natural features that were prominent on or near the battlefield; • Confederates most often used the name of the nearest town or man-made landmark. • Shelby Foote Northerners were urban and regarded bodies of water as noteworthy; many Southerners were rural and regarded towns as noteworthy.

17. Winfield’s Anaconda Plan • After Bull Run Lincoln consults Winfield Scott(74). • Scott insists that the best way to win the war was by slowly surrounding the South and squeezing the life out of it, like an Anaconda. • It was methodical, slow, and logical. • The Younger Generals Disagreed, and Lincoln wanted a fast war “Old Fuss & Feathers” “Grand Old Man of the Army”

18. Scott’s Plan • Set up a Navel Blockade to stop Southern ports from trading. • Capture the Mississippi so that the Confederacy would be cut in two (TX, LA, AR) • The Union would then move into the South dividing it into chunks • Lastly, the Union Army would need to Capture Richmond (the Confederacy Capital)

20. Early Success for Both Sides Union Confederacy The Confederates continue to win Battles around Virginia. Come Close to capturing DC, and keep Richmond Safe Robert E Lee • Capture New Orleans • Take Partial control of the Mississippi (Vicksburg) • Ulysses S Grant

21. Antietam • The Union will have a failed attempt to capture Richmond. • Lee sees an opportunity to take advantage of the North. • If Lee wins this battle it is entirely possible that England and France will recognize the Confederacy as their own nation, bringing with it financial & military aid.

22. The Union and Confederate forces will meet in Antietam. • The Union will find a set of orders “lost” by the confederates which will give them information they can use in the battle. • North 75,000 vs South 38,000 • Will be the single bloodiest one day battle in American history with over 20,000 being dead, wounded, or MIA • Technically a Union Victory

23. Emancipation Proclamation • The “victory” at Antietam will be the opportunity Lincoln was waiting for. • He had wanted to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, but only wanted to do it after a victory so as to not appear desperate. • Lincoln never denied the impact slavery had on starting the war, but he didn’t want to draw attention to it. He would often say the war was to “preserve the Union.” • Declare slaves living in states of “open rebellion against the United States…. Forever free.”

24. Reasons for the Proclamation • Connects the North with the Moral argument • Wins support of Europe • Could deprive South of labor slaves were doing • Slaves were all ready running away in large numbers, Lincoln wanted it to be official • ***Lincoln wants to assert his authority over the South.

25. Civil War Catch-22 • Lincoln’s Argument: • The South never left the Union, so he can do things like free the slaves. • However it would be illegal for Lincoln to attack his own country with the army….. • Counter Argument: • Since Lincoln attacked the South with the Army they are their own country • Therefore Lincoln would have no authority to free the slaves….

26. Mathew Brady • Photographer during the Civil War. • Will go around taking photos of the battles, dead, wounded, and soldiers • Will actually go bankrupt because of this.

29. Photos by Mathew Brady

30. Vicksburg: July 4th 1863 • Last city on the Mississippi not controlled by the Union. • Grant will put the city under siege, and shell it for 6 weeks. • The South will finally surrender giving the Union full control of the Mississippi River.

31. Gettysburg: July 1-3 1863 • Lee will invade the North in an attempt to get behind Washington DC. • North 95,000 v South 75,000 • Battle last three days, 50,000 troops will die. • Lee loses 1/3 of his army and needs to retreat, fights defensively. • Considered a turning point in the war.

33. Total War • After Vicksburg: Grant will be moved to the Eastern Theater (Virginia) of the Civil War. • He will adopt a plan known as Total War- doing whatever is necessary to undermine the enemies willingness or capacity to fight. • Grant will continue to harass Lee, while another General will terrorize the South • William Tecumseh Sherman (Scorched Earth)

34. William Tecumseh Sherman • Hardened Military Veteran • Grant’s #2 General • “We cannot change the hearts of these people of the South… but we can make war so terrible.. And make them so sick of war that generations [will] pass away before they again appeal to it.”

35. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Sherman will march through the South destroying and burning as he goes. • He burns Atlanta to the ground • Gives Lincoln Savannah as a Christmas Gift • Will burn parts of the Carolinas • Sherman neck ties

37. End Game • Grant will continue to chase Lee despite losing a large number of men. • Grant will eventually corner Lee, and the South Surrenders. • Grant accepts the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse • *** Meeting takes place in the home of Wilmer McLean, the same farmer who owned the field the Battle of First Bull Run took place on. • The Civil War was officially over.

38. The Civil War Facts • More than 3,000,000 Americans fight in the Civil War • 2% of the US population will die • Senator John Crittendon (KY) had two sons, and both became Major Generals: One for the Union and one the Confederacy • Missouri had 39 regiments fight at Vicksburg: 17 Confederate & 22 Union