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Chapter 15 Part 6

Chapter 15 Part 6. The Age of Discovery. 1450-1650 The Age of Discovery. Brought to you by the Renaissance. Motives. God Gold Glory. Christian Crusaders 11 th - 14 th Centuries. Created an interest in Asia and the Middle East. The Rise of Nation States.

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Chapter 15 Part 6

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  1. Chapter 15Part 6 The Age of Discovery

  2. 1450-1650 The Age of Discovery Brought to you by the Renaissance

  3. Motives God Gold Glory

  4. Christian Crusaders 11th - 14th Centuries Created an interest in Asia and the Middle East

  5. The Rise of Nation States Created competition for empires and trade

  6. The Renaissance search for knowledge Revival of mathematics Awareness of Dawn of a New Age Printing Press: Maps, texts

  7. Cartography Advances 1492 Martin Behaim’s Terrestrial globe 1507 Waldseemuller’s World Map 1575 Mercator’s Map

  8. Advances in Astronomy and Navigation • New Instruments: • Magnetic Compass • Quadrant • Mariners’ Astrolabe • Cross Staff • Caravel • Lateen Sail • Axial Rudder • Gunpowder and cannons

  9. Commercial Revolution Sparked Capitalist investment Especially in Constitutional Governments: The Dutch and the English Merchant Companies (Dutch East India Co.)

  10. Religion A true desire to convert pagan peoples Missionary goal of the Jesuits

  11. Portugal Economic and Religious motives Sought spice trade with Asia Needed an all-water route Tried to find Prestor John as an ally against the Muslims (mythical Christian king somewhere in the East)

  12. Prince Henry the Navigator Financed expeditions along the western coast of Africa in hopes of finding gold 1488 Diaz: rounded the Cape of Good Hope 1498 Vasco da Gama : water route to India Amerigo Vespucci: first to realize he was in a New World Cabral was there first

  13. Other Explorers 1513 Balboa: first European to see the Pacific from the New World (Isthmus of Panama) 1519 Magellan: first to circumnavigate the globe

  14. Brazil Portugal’s New World colony SUGAR, coffee, cotton plantations Slave trade Much racial blending

  15. Spain Columbus: 4 voyages to the New World Las Casas: defended the natives The Asiento: the slave trade Black Legend: Protestant belief that religion was used as a smokescreen by Catholics for killing natives Protestant countries just as guilty

  16. 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas Divided the New World between Spain and Portugal (the Pope)

  17. Conquistadores • 1519 Cortez The Aztecs in Mexico • 1532 Pizarro The Incas in Peru • The Potosi Mines

  18. Spain’s Golden Age BUT…inflation Bullionism ruined by money drain: no middle class, little industry, skilled workers, paid soldiers in specie and they spent it where they were Bankruptcy and repudiation of debts

  19. Spain’s New World Government 4 Vice Royalties Each had a Viceroy Audiencias: 12-15 judges to aid Viceroys Creoles: Were Spanish but were born in the New World. Never got the top jobs but secondary

  20. Encomienda System The crown allowed the Spanish in the New World to use native labor BUT natives were supposed to have a few days weekly to work their own land Reality was brought to light by Las Casas and Spain opted for African laborers = Asiento

  21. Racial Blending Mesitzos Mullatos

  22. Imperialism Old Imperialism in the Old World (Africa and Asia): Europeans worked through the existing political authority usually with trading posts along coast lines. Did not subjugate natives or impose political, economic systems, or cultural values Old Imperialism in the New World: DID subjugate natives, impose economic, political systems, cultural values

  23. Old Imperialism: Portugal Set up trading posts and forts along coast Worked through existing political authority Africa: Gold and Slaves from Mali and Timbuktu Da Gama in India (rubies) D 'Albuquerque in the Spice Islands (Indonesia)

  24. The Jesuits Led by Xavier To India, Indonesia, Japan

  25. The Dutch By 1602 The Dutch East India Co. Took Portuguese holdings in the Spice Islands and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1608 founded New Amsterdam in the New World By 1650 the Dutch challenging Spain in the New World Also 4 Anglo-Dutch wars (second ½ of 17th C.)

  26. France Cartier and the Northwest Passage 1608 Quebec (Champlain) Missionaries as well

  27. England Under Henry VIII: Cabot brothers found no gold in the New World so there was no interest 1607 Jamestown More English colonists than others

  28. The Asiento First Portugal Dutch interfering by 1620 Spain 1672 The English: Royal African Company By 1800: Africans made up 60% of the population in Brazil & 20% of the population in the United States

  29. 17th – 18th Centuries 50 million Africans had been taken into slavery or had died on the way (Middle Passage) Remember: SUGAR was the first important plantation crop Remember: The American form of slavery was different than the old world slavery

  30. The Columbian Exchange What did Europe get? Increased wealth Improved diets: Potato, Maize, Tomato, Tobacco, Vanilla, Chocolate, wild Turkey Increased global empire Syphilis

  31. The Columbian Exchange What the Amerindians got: Misery Smallpox Farm Animals Some Crops Horses More sources of protein

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