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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Terminal Building. Contents. Airport Components Terminal Building Departure & Arrival Flow Baggage Handling Air Traffic Control & Flight Profiles. WORLD'S TOP 10 AIRPORTS. 1 Incheon International Airport 2 Hong Kong International Airport 3 Singapore Changi

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 Terminal Building

  2. Contents Airport Components Terminal Building Departure & Arrival Flow Baggage Handling Air Traffic Control & Flight Profiles

  3. WORLD'S TOP 10 AIRPORTS 1 Incheon International Airport 2 Hong Kong International Airport 3 Singapore Changi 4 Zurich, Switzerland 5 Munich, German 6 Kansai, Japan 7 Kuala Lumpur 8 Amsterdam 9 Centrair Nagoya , Japan 10 Auckland, New Zealand • http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2009/Airport2009.htm

  4. Incheon Airport Kansai International Airport

  5. TOP TEN BUSIEST AIRPORT IN THE WORLD Hartsfield, Atlanta O'Hare, Chicago Heathrow, London Tokyo, Japan Los Angeles, USA Dallas Forth/Worth Charles De Gaulle, Paris Frankfurt, German Amsterdam, Schipol Las Vegas, USA

  6. Airport Components

  7. Airport Components • Airspace : • Spacearea surrounding an airport for aircraft maneuver (after takeoff, before landing) • Airfield (Aerodromes :For Aircraft Operations • Area including building, installations & equipments for aircraft take-off, landing & surface movement. • Landside : For Passenger Operations • Areato accommodate the passengers (terminal building) & passenger’s vehicles (parking facilities) • Airport Ground Access Systems: • Areato accommodate the vehicles to/from the surrounding city area & between the various buildings around the airport (Cars, buses, taxis, railways)

  8. 1. Airspace 2. Airfield Airside Landside 4.

  9. Terminal Building Denver International Airport, Concourse B Terminal • A building to facilitate the passengers & baggage movements from/onto the aircraft Concourse • Open space or hall in passenger terminal, used for circulation or waiting.

  10. Function of Terminal Building To provide various facilities for crews & passengers move from aircraft or onto aircraft efficiently. Examples: The main building where passengers embark and disembark aircrafts. Check in counters Ticketing process Customs clearance & immigration control Shopping, toilets, eating, meeting, business & conference

  11. What passengers expect from the terminal • Easy Access from road or rail • Efficient Baggage Delivery • Full range of services (Toilets, Retail shops, ATM machines, Food & Beverages) • Convenient parking, ground transportation • Clean building • Simple procedures & Easy reading of flight Information • Safe & Secure Environment

  12. What passengers expect from the terminal • Convenience and comfort • Short walking • Distances Clear Signage

  13. What passengers expect from the terminal Good airport shopping & eating facilities Short Queues

  14. Flow chart of an EMBARKING passenger Passenger Check in Ticket/Baggage Immigration Check Security Check Passenger goes To Secured Room Passenger Boarding using Aerobridge

  15. Departure Flow • Check In Counters: Passenger show ticket and passport to get a boarding pass. Passenger’ baggage screened here and get baggage claim receipts. Weighing machine to ensure the aircraft can take-off safely. • Immigration Counters: Passport checked & stamped (approved) • Security Check: Baggage scanning using X-ray machine and body checks using metal detector gate are performed on all passengers for security reasons. • Secured (Sterile) Room: For waiting to board the aircraft. This room is connected to the aerobridge.

  16. Flow chart of an DISEMBARKING passenger Passenger Disembarks from aircraft Immigration Baggage Claims Customs Checks Public Transport

  17. Arrival Flow • Immigration : Passport Stamped • Baggage Claims: Passenger show their baggage claimed receipt & collect their baggage. • Customs Clearance: Passenger declare the items that they brought before go the Arrival Area • Public transport: Passenger can take a transportation to go home/ hotels.

  18. Terminal Building Congestion Problem.How to Solve?

  19. Reducing traffic congestion in Terminal Building • Different Levels: To avoid traffic congestions Arrival and Departure Halls are placed at different levels of a major airport. • Satellite Building: Away and isolated from the Terminal Building in order to reduce the main terminal congestion. Provide more aerobridges for aircraft. • Quick Movement in the Terminal Building: Adequate signage to public facilities, Adequate public transport (Cars, Taxis, Buses). • Different check-in counters according to airliners & more immigration counter for faster passenger movements

  20. Parking Facilities • Public Parking - for airline passengers & families • Near terminal building. Pay per hour. • Separate Parking-for airport employee • Far away from terminal area, airport workers using bus go to the terminal. • Car Rental Parking-for taxi or airport limousine • So close to the terminal building. • Off-Airport Parking- for airline passengers • Far away from terminal building, with lower charges.

  21. Baggage Handling Systems Can the bags move from point to point as fast as the travelers can?

  22. Baggage Handling System Functions : Moving passengers baggage From the check in area to the departure area or From the arrival gate to the baggage-claim area. Goals: Faster Safe

  23. Methods of Moving Bags • Manual Methods • Multiple luggage pieces in one cart • Not automatically sorted • Automatic Methods • DCV – Destination Coded Vehicles • Each cart contains a single piece of baggage • Automatically sorted • Little or no human interaction required

  24. Baggage Handling Basics DCVs = Destination-coded vehicles Conveyors- Like a local ‘roads’ Automatic Scanner=scan the labels on the baggage Baggage-Like a Passenger

  25. Baggage Handling using DCVs • Check-in: Agents put tag on baggage • Bag’s owner, Flight number, Final destination, Intermediate connections and airlines • Automated bar code scanner • After reading the bar-code, the system will know where that bag is at all times. • Hundred of computers keep track of the bag. • Conveyors • Hundreds of conveyors with junctions connecting all of them • Sort all of the bags from all of the different airlines and send them to DCVs that are headed to the proper terminal and gate • DCVs –Destination Coded Vehicles • Headed to proper destination • Move bag quickly (5 times faster than conveyors) • Tracked by computers

  26. Air Traffic Control

  27. Purpose of ATC • Safety: To avoid mid-air collisions • Efficiency: To increase capacity and avoid flight delay. To maintain safe and efficientSEPARATIONbetween aircraft

  28. Air Traffic Control Components Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC) – to control all ATC, manage problems such bad weather & traffic overloads Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCT) – to control all take-off, landing & ground traffic. Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) – to control departing and approaching aircraft. Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCT) - to control flight in air routes. Flight Service Stations (FSS) – Provides information

  29. Herndon, Virginia 1.Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC) ATCSCC: oversees all air traffic control

  30. 2.Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCT) ATC Equipment Surface Movement Radar Display KLIA Main Control Tower KLIA Apron Control Tower

  31. 3.Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) Radar Display Systems

  32. 4. Flight Service Stations (FSS) Responsibilities Weather observations Pilot weather briefings Filing IFR/VFR flight plans Distributing NOTAMs Broadcasting weather information Spread ATC clearances Emergency assistance

  33. Different betweenVFR and IFR • VFR (Visual Flight Rules) • Separation maintained by pilot (“see and avoid”) • IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) • Separation maintained by controller

  34. Radar KLIA TAR: Terminal Approach Radar • Radar = Radio Detection and Ranging • Provides aircraft info: air speed, direction and altitude of aircraft to assist air traffic controllers to track the position of aircraft in the coverage area. • TAR=Terminal Approach Control

  35. ATC Additional Services Providing information to pilots Weather & Navigation information NOTAMs: Notice to Airmens Responsible for Controlled Airspace ATC issue instructions that pilots are required to follow

  36. 7 Flight Profile En-Route Departure: Descent Take-Off Approach Landing: tower give landing clearance Preflight:

  37. 7 Flight Profile Step 1- Preflight: Pilot files the flight plan & send to the Tower controller.Tower inform pilot the weather information. Flight checks, push-back from the gate & taxi to the runway. Step 2- Take-off: Tower controller gives pilot clearance for take-off, aircraft powers up & take-off. Step 3- Departure: Aircraft climbs to a define altitudeTower controller pass their communication with pilot to the TRACON controller. Pilot receives clearance for routing.

  38. 7 Flight Profile Step 4- En-route: Air route controller instructing pilot to the specific altitude and heading. Step 5- Descent: Near airport, TRACON controller instructing pilot to descent & change heading. Step 6- Approach: Pilot receives approach clearance by TRACON controller & their communication with pilot is passed to the Tower Controller. Step 6- Landing: Local controller gives clearance for landing. Ground controller directs the pilot across the taxiways to its destination gate at the terminal.

  39. Quick test The four airport components are _________,__________,_____________& _________. The flow of arriving passengers in a Terminal is Immigration, _________________, Custom & Exit. The piece of paper given to passengers after check in is called ___________________. The mechanical walkway between the terminal building and the aircraft is called _____________. Passenger baggage screened by ______ machine and their body scanned by ___________ before boarding. 41

  40. Quick Test The facility to carry baggage from ticketing counter to the aircraft at an airport is___________. An ‘isolated’ passenger building to avoid congestion at Terminal Building is called___________. In order to reduce traffic congestion at a Terminal Building , the arrival and departure halls are located at separate ______________. Four types parking facilities available at airport are _____________, ______________,_______________, & ______________.

  41. Quick Test • The ATC major role is to maintain __________ & ___________ separation between aircrafts. • Safely is to avoid_________________. • Effectively is to avoid________________. • TRACON is stand for __________________. • Flight profiles begin with 1-Preflight, 2- _________, 3-______________, 4-___________, 5- Descent, 6- _________ & 7- Landing.

  42. Quick Test During preflight pilot receives _____________ & _____________ from the controller. Once aircraft depart tower controller pass their communication with pilot to the ____________ controller. At en-route control pilot is guided to the specific _________& ________ in order to maintain aircraft separation distances.

  43. Quick Test After get clearance for landing, ground tower controller directs the pilot across the taxiways to its ______________ RADAR is stand for ____________, ____________ & ________________.

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