How to Meet Yours and Your Children ‘ s Emotional Needs 如何滿足您和您兒女的情感需要？

How to Meet Yours and Your Children‘s Emotional Needs如何滿足您和您兒女的情感需要？ By Sherry (Qinyue) Liu, MD, Ph.D

心理健康 •Mental Health • 健康: 生理 + 心理Health: Physical and Mental health. • 心理問題常有生理上的表現，例如頭痛、血壓偏高、肌肉發麻等。 Mental problems can be manifested as physically ill, such as headache, mildly elevated BP or numbness and so on. • 心理健康又名行為健康，因為心理疾病通常有行為上的表現。 Mental health is also named behavioral health. Mental illnesses manifest behavioral problems. • 心理疾病指嚴重的心理問題已破壞人的正常生活能力。Mental illness means that your functioning is impaired.

心理健康 •Mental Health • 心理疾病與生理疾病相似，它受到家庭基因、大腦化學物質反應、腦部受損等因素影響。 Mental illness is like other physical illness, it is influenced by family genetics, chemical reactions, insult to the brain and other factors. • 心理疾病不同於生理疾病，它與我們身處的環境有緊密的聯繫。 Mental illness is different from physical illness since it has constant interaction with the environment we are in at the time. • 我們的心理狀況隨時隨地都有改變。 Mental states change every minute.

心理疾病有不同嚴重程度，治療方法也相應各異Different levels of mental illness, different treatment • 輕度─例如工作和家庭壓力所造成的壓抑。需要向別人傾訴，短期內可好轉。 Mildly impaired, such as distress from job and family life. You need to talk to someone and it can be over in a short period of time. • 中度─如親人去世、財政困難或子女問題所造成的壓抑。需要向別人傾訴，及尋求心理專業人員的幫助。Moderately stressed out, such as family death, finance difficulties and children are in troubles. May need to talk to someone or seeking professional help . • 重度─大腦化學物質已失去平衡，例如躁郁症和抑鬱症。需要專業治療。 Severely impaired – chemicals are not in places, such as Bipolar Disorder or Major Depressive Disorder. Need professional help.

目標•Goals • 認識您和您家人所面對的壓抑來源。 Identify the distress yourself and your loved ones have. • 了解您和您家人所處的環境。 Understand the environments of you and your loved ones. • 判斷是否有需要尋求心理專業人員的幫助。Determine the need for professional help or not. • 尋找您可以接受幫助的途徑。 Look for the resources you can get help from.

心理學與精神病學Psychology vs. Psychiatry • 心理學：有關心理狀態的生理學心理學家是哲學博士，為輕中度心理疾病提供心理咨詢和治療。Psychology: Physiology of the mental states. Psychologists are Ph.Ds, who provide counseling and psychotherapies for mild pathology of the mind. • 精神病學：有關心理狀態的病理學精神科醫生是醫學博士，為中重度心理疾病提供藥物治療與精神療法。Psychiatry: Pathology of the mental states. Psychiatrists are MDs, providing medication management & psychotherapies.

心理疾病是基於生理病變的疾病，和高血壓、糖尿病、癌症等疾病一樣。心理疾病是基於生理病變的疾病，和高血壓、糖尿病、癌症等疾病一樣。 Pathology of the mind is a biological illness, like other illnesses, such as hypertension, diabetes and cancers.

Erik Erikson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development 1). Trust vs. MistrustThe infant must form a first loving, trusting relationship with the caregiver, or develop a sense of mistrust. 2). Autonomy vs. Shame/DoubtThe child's energies are directed toward the development of physical skills,including walking, grasping, and rectal sphincter control. The child learns control but may develop shame and doubt if not handled well 3). Initiative vs. GuiltThe child continues to become more assertive and to take more initiative, but may be too forceful, leading to guilt feelings. 4). Industry vs. InferiorityThe child must deal with demands to learn new skills or risk a sense of inferiority ,failure and incompetence. 5). Identity vs. Role ConfusionThe teenager must achieve a sense of identity in occupation, sex roles, politics, and religion. 6). Intimacy vs. IsolationThe young adult must develop intimate relationships or suffer feelings of isolation 7). Generativity vs. StagnationEach adult must find some way to satisfy and support the next generation. 8). Ego Integrity vs. DespairThe culmination is a sense of oneself as one is and of feeling fulfilled.

How to manage your teens • Understand your child what/who s/he is. What s/he is good at and not good at, expend to the best of their ability to something they are good at. • Hearing them, not just listen to them. Work with them. More respect, trust and support • Give more space to have themselves to manage their own affairs, help them handling peer pressures, peer pressure can be positive and negative. It helps define who we are and how we feel about subjects in our lives. It is how we chose to react to peer pressure that defines who we are as an individual. • Set limits. A process of interacting, adjust the expectations • A little winding road or failure in early life can be a positive experience.

憂鬱 /抑鬱症•Depression 什麼是Depression？ • 憂鬱：對關係破裂、工作不如意或不可解決的衝突而產生的自然反應。Sadness: natural reactions for the ending a relationship, a disappointment for a job failure or a conflict that cannot be resolved. • 抑鬱症：指抑鬱的症候群，這些症狀破壞患者日常生活的能力。Clinical depression: Constellation of symptoms and signs, these symptoms in general impair the functional level of your daily life. 人生階段與憂鬱/抑鬱症 • 抑鬱症在不同年齡段有不同的表徵─幼年、青年、中年、老年Depression has different faces at different ages.

抑鬱症的表徵與症狀Signs and Symptoms of Depression • 感覺壓抑 /興趣全無Feeling depressed/anhendonic • 睡眠與食欲的改變Altered sleep and appetite • 精力與注意力減弱Decreased energy and concentration • 緊張、憤怒、不安與孤僻Tense, angry, anxious, isolative • 過度的內疚感與頻繁的自殺傾向 Excessive guilt feelings and frequent suicidal thoughts • 幻覺與幻聽Seeing ghost or hearing voices

Teen depression • Problems at school , Running away • Substance abuse“self-medicate” • Low self-esteem • Eating disorders Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating, and yo-yo dieting are often signs of unrecognized depression. • Internet addiction Teens may go online to escape from their problems. But excessive computer use only increases their isolation and makes them more depressed. • Self-injury Cutting, burning, and other kinds of self-mutilation. • Reckless behaviorengage in dangerous or high-risk behaviors, such as reckless driving, out-of-control drinking, and unsafe sex. • Violence Some depressed teens (usually boys who are the victims of bullying) become violent. • Suicide

Teen depression • Irritable or angry mood – As noted above, irritability, rather than sadness, is often the predominant mood in depressed teens. A depressed teenager may be grumpy, hostile, easily frustrated, or prone to angry outbursts. • Unexplained aches and pains - Depressed teens frequently complain about physical ailments such as headaches or stomachaches. If a thorough physical exam does not reveal a medical cause, these aches and pains may indicate depression. • Extreme sensitivity to criticism - Depressed teens are plagued by feelings of worthlessness, making them extremely vulnerable to criticism, rejection, and failure. This is a particular problem for “over-achievers.” • Withdrawing from some, but not all people - While adults tend to isolate themselves when depressed, teenagers usually keep up at least some friendships.

Teen depression and causes • CONFUSION: Teenagers are often left to wonder whether or not he or she is accepted. With the distinct of our heritages, many of our children got confused as who are we and where we belong? • LOW-SELF ESTEEM: Many times a person’s permanent self-esteem, which lasts through adulthood, is formed in the teenage years. A teenager is in a very critical environment and can be emotionally affected in a major way. Peer pressure, parental pressure, pressure from teacher’s, pressure from coaches, pressure from boyfriends or girlfriends can all contribute to a whirlwind of stress that can create clinical teen depression. • VOLUNABLE: Teen depression can be the result of bad grades, failure to be accepted into a University, being broken up with, being ostracized by peers, or something as simple as having a bad hair day. While some of these examples may seem trivial to more mature individuals they can add up to a real case of clinical depression. Feelings of depression can be serious no matter how silly the origin may seem.

治療 • Treatment • 心理治療 Psychotherapies • 藥物治療 Psychopharmacology ANTIDEPRESSANTS SSRI: prozac, zoloft, luvox, paxil, celexa, lexapro TCAs: Nortriptyline, clomipramine, amitriptyline Others: Wellbutrin, Effexor, Serozone, Remeron MOOD STABLIZERS Lithium Carbonate, Depakote, Tegretol, Trileptal and so on.

Q & A 謝謝大家!

How to Meet Yours and Your Children ‘ s Emotional Needs 如何滿足您和您兒女的情感需要？