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Greece – Part two

World History – Chapter 6. Greece – Part two. The Golden Age. After the Persian Wars, artists and teachers moved to Greece 400’s B.C. = Golden Age Peak of cultural development (temples, theatres, gyms)

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Greece – Part two

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  1. World History – Chapter 6 Greece – Part two

  2. The Golden Age • After the Persian Wars, artists and teachers moved to Greece • 400’s B.C. = Golden Age • Peak of cultural development (temples, theatres, gyms) • Acropolis was used for art; at the top was the Parthenon (temple of Athena made of marble)

  3. Golden Age continued… • Paintings were put on canvas, vases, murals (wall paintings) • Sculptures increased (discus thrower) • Sculptures showed Greek admiration of human body • Four characteristics of Greek art: • Showed humans as the most important creature • Pride for city-states • Showed Greek ideals of harmony, balance, and order • Showed Greeks believed in combining beauty and usefulness

  4. Socrates • Socrates – (469-399 B.C.) • One of history’s greatest thinkers & teachers • Criticized Athenian education (said we’re really stupid when they taught opposite) • Wanted to be called a philosopher, not a sophist • Philosophy is the study of the most fundamental questions of reality and human existence

  5. Socrates Continued… • Socrates wanted people to think for themselves not imitate elders; evil comes from ignorance; Socratic method (know thyself); find own answers • See VIDEO ON SOCRATES (2:19) • Made enemies in the gov’t because he thought it unwise to elect unskilled leaders • Was accused of not recognizing Athenian gods and was put to death by poison

  6. Who Can Name This Film And Each Character?

  7. Plato • Plato – a rich young aristocrat • Wrote about gov’t, education, justice, virtue, and religion • Believed that perfect gov’t is run by aristocrats chosen by upper class • Taught at academy in Athens

  8. Aristotle • Aristotle was a student of Plato • In 335 B.C. started own school in Athens • Believed the middle class should play a major role in gov’t • Believed monarchies, democracies, and aristocracies could become corrupt • Instead, he thought they should have a powerful leader, aristocratic advisors, and a democratic assembly • Believed in one level of gov’t

  9. Other important dead guys with the same Haircut • Pythagoras – a mathematician who came up with a² + b² = c² • Aristotle – came up with basis for botany, zoology, and anatomy • Democritus – came up with idea of moving atoms • Hippocrates – came up with idea that disease comes from nature, not gods (Hippocratic oath) • Herodotus – historian who taught from travels • Thucydides – historian from Peloponnesian War

  10. Greek Drama • Greeks = first to write dramas (plays containing action, dialogue, conflict, emotion) • Used masks; outdoor theatres; male actors; contests; • Greeks = also wrote tragedies (where the main actor struggled against fate) Ex. Oedipus • Greeks = also wrote comedies (mocked ideas and people) • See VIDEO ON GREEK THEATRES (4:21)

  11. Macedonia • Background: Macedonia had small villages ruled by powerful nobles and had a king • Philip of Macedon became king in 359 B.C. • Paid an army of 10,000 men; used peasants as infantry; used phalanx (spears protected with shields) • Philip defeated Thebes and conquered northern Greece and Athens • Before he attacked Persia, he was assassinated

  12. Alexander the Great • Philip’s 20 year old son (Alexander) took over • Better militarist than father • Wanted a Hellenistic Empire by doing 3 things: • Build new cities and rebuild old (70 were named Alexandria) • Merge Macedonians with Persia by marrying Princess Roxana • Make people believe he was a god • Married Roxana and his generals married Persian royalty

  13. Alexander the Great Part 2 • In 331 B.C. Alexander conquered Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persian Empire • Wanted more so he went after India • Got all the way to the Ganges River and his troops refused to go on • Decided to return home (½ his men by sea the other ½ went by desert); most died • Alexander died shortly after returning to Babylon • His generals killed his family and divided his empire 3 ways among them (Macedonia, Egypt, and Syria)

  14. Hellenistic Age • During this age, culture spread and affected the areas long after Alexander’s death • The economy during this age had few wealthy land owners and many poor • Trading occurred between different areas • Cities that Alexander built had large market squares and public buildings (schools, theatres, gyms) • Wealthy had running water, pipes, furniture • Alexandria in Egypt grew to approx. 1,000,000 people • Great improvements in philosophy, math, physics, medicine, astronomy, geography and science

  15. random picture (Don’t Look If You Gross Out easily!!!)

  16. StudyForYourTest!

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