Game Programming

1. Game Programming Loading assets, Materials, Lighting & Shading, Camera, Game Loop, Input Handling Informatics Engineering University of Brawijaya Eriq Muhammad Adams J. eriq.adams@ub.ac.id

2. Agenda Loading assets Materials Lighting & Shading Camera Game Loop Input Handling Sky Demo

3. Loading Assets • JME3 comes with a handy asset manager that helps you keep your assets structured. • assets/Interface/ • assets/MatDefs/ • assets/Materials/ • assets/Models/ • assets/Scenes/ • assets/Shaders/ • assets/Sounds/ • assets/Textures/ • build.xml • src/... • dist/...

4. Loading Assets (cont.) Add box image texture “BrickWall.jpg” Loading Textures

5. Loading Assets (cont.) Load default font Loading Texts and Fonts

6. Loading Assets (cont.) Load Ogre Model Loading an Ogre XML Model

7. Loading Assets (cont.) Load Local Zip File Load Zip File via HTTP Loading Assets From Custom Paths

8. Loading Assets (cont.) Ogre XML (.mesh.xml) and JME Binary (.j3o) Model included with Materials included .obj model didn’t came with materials Load models with materials Load models without materials

9. Loading Assets (cont.) Load ogre scene • Load Ogre Scene • How to export OgreXML scenes from Blender to JME: • https://docs.google.com/fileview?id=0B9hhZie2D-fENDBlZDU5MzgtNzlkYi00YmQzLTliNTQtNzZhYTJhYjEzNWNk&hl=en

10. Materials Default Materials Definition (in jme/core-data/Common)

11. Materials (cont.) Create Unshaded Material Simple Unshaded Texture

12. Materials (cont.) Create Unshaded Material Activate Transparency Transparent Unshaded Texture

13. Materials (cont.) You have to use lit material to get nice looks. n a lit material, the standard texture layer is referred to as Diffuse Map, any material can have it. A lit material can additionally have lighting effects such as Shininess used together with the Specular Map layer, and even a realistically bumpy or cracked surface with help of the Normal Map layer.

14. Materials (cont.)

15. Materials (cont.) Create Lighting Material Set Diffuse Map Texture Set Normal Map Texture Set Shininess

16. Lighting & Shading Create Point Light JME 3 has three types of light : point light, ambient light, directional light, and spot light. A PointLight has a location and shines from there in all directions as far as its radius reaches, like a lamp. The light intensity decreases with increased distance from the light source.

17. Lighting and Shading (cont.) Create Directional Light A DirectionalLight has no position, only a direction. It is considered “infinitely” far away and sends out parallel beams of light. It can cast shadows. You typically use it to simulate sun light.

18. Lighting and Shading (cont.) Create Ambient Light An AmbientLight influences the brightness of the whole scene globally. It has no direction and no location, and does not cast any shadow. SpotLight is WIP (Work In Progress) …

19. Lighting and Shading (cont.) Switch Off default Shadow and Add BasicShadowRenderer Scene Processor BasicShadowRenderer, Use the Shadow Renderer to make textured scene nodes cast and receive shadows. http://code.google.com/p/jmonkeyengine/source/browse/trunk/engine/src/test/jme3test/light/TestShadow.java

20. Lighting and Shading (cont.) Then you need set shadows for every scene that need shadows

21. Lighting and Shading (cont.) PSSM shadow renderer, The PSSM shadow renderer can cast real-time shadows on curved surfaces. To activate it, add a jMESceneProcessor named com.jme3.shadow.PssmShadowRenderer to the viewPort

22. Lighting and Shading (cont.) • You can set the following properties on the pssmRenderer object: • setDirection(Vector3f) – the direction of the light • setLambda(0.65f) – Factor to use to reduce the split size • setShadowIntensity(0.7f) – shadow darkness (1 black, 0 invisible) • setShadowZextend() – distance how far away from camera shadows will still be computed • Then you need set shadows for every scene that need shadows • http://code.google.com/p/jmonkeyengine/source/browse/trunk/engine/src/test/jme3test/light/TestPssmShadow.java

23. Camera • JME 3 have 3 types of built-in camera : Default Camera, FlyBy Camera, Chase Camera. • Default Camera, The default com.jme3.renderer.Camera object is cam in com.jme3.app.Application. Has default settings. • Width and height are set to the current Application's settings.getWidth() and settings.getHeight() values. • Frustum Perspective: • Frame of view angle of 45° along the Y axis • Aspect ratio of width divided by height • Near view plane of 1 wu • Far view plane of 1000 wu • Start location at (0f, 0f, 10f). • Start direction is looking at the origin.

24. Camera (cont.)

25. Camera (cont.) FlyBy Camera, The flyby camera is an extension of the default camera in com.jme3.app.SimpleApplication. It is preconfigured to respond to the WASD keys for walking forwards and backwards, and for strafing to the sides. Move the mouse to rotate the camera, scroll the mouse wheel for zooming in or out. The QZ keys raise or lower the camera.

26. Camera (cont.)

27. Camera (cont.) Chase Camera, jME3 also supports a Chase Cam that can follow a moving target Spatial (com.jme3.input.ChaseCamera).

28. Camera (cont.) Multiple Camera Views, You can split the screen and look into the 3D scene from different camera angles at the same time. In this example, we create four views (2×2) with the same aspect ratio as the normal view, but half the size.

29. Camera (cont.) Setup first view Setup 2nd – 4th view

30. Camera (cont.) Resizing and positioning viewport. See TestMultiViews.java

31. Game Loop • Initialization (simpleInit()) • If exit is requested, then cleanup and destroy • Input handling (listeners) • Update game state • Application States update • User update (simpleUpdate() method) • Entity logical update (Custom Controls) • render • Application States rendering • Scene rendering • User rendering (simpleRender() method) • Repeat (goto 2)

32. Input Handling 3 types input handling that JME 3 support : Keyboard, Mouse, and Joystick. Type of Trigger :

33. Input Handling (cont.)

34. Input Handling (cont.) One trigger One Action Multiple Trigger One Action Add trigger mapping

35. Input Handling (cont.) • Create Listeners, JME 3 has 2 type of listeners : com.jme3.input.controls.AnalogListener Use for continuous and gradual actions. Examples: Walk, run, rotate, accelerate vehicle, strafe, (semi-)automatic weapon shot JME gives you access to: the name of the triggered action. a gradual value between 0-9 how long the key has been pressed. com.jme3.input.controls.ActionListener Use for absolute “pressed or released?”, “on or off?” actions. Examples: Pause/unpause, a rifle or revolver shot, jump, click to select. JME gives you access to: the name of the triggered action. a boolean whether the key is still pressed or has just been released.

36. Input Handling (cont.) Register Mappings to Listeners, To activate the mappings, you must register them to the Listener.

37. Input Handling (cont.) Implements Action

38. Sky To Create Sky Box set sphere boolean value to false You can use any Node as sky, even complex sets of geometries and quads with animated clouds, blinking stars, city skylines, etc. But, if you want a simple method use SkyFactory in JME 3.

39. Demo DemoScene.zip