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Human

Human. C. elegans. Drosophila. Mouse. ~ 24,000 Genes. ~ 13,000 Genes. ~ 19,000 Genes. ~ 24,000 Genes. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Cloning. Transcription Initiation. Gene Regulatory Proteins and the DNA Sequences That They Recognize.

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Human

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  1. Human C. elegans Drosophila Mouse ~ 24,000 Genes ~ 13,000 Genes ~ 19,000 Genes ~ 24,000 Genes

  2. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Cloning

  3. Transcription Initiation

  4. Gene Regulatory Proteins and the DNA Sequences That They Recognize

  5. Asymmetric Localization of Ash1 Transcription Factor DIC DAPI Ash1-GFP Ash1 mRNA “Daughter cell” “Mother cell”

  6. Developmental Fate

  7. Caenorhabditis elegans 959 Somatic cells 1000-2000 Germ cells

  8. C. elegans Life Cycle

  9. Cleavage Divisions Egg DAPI stained embryo

  10. Asymmetric Segregation of “P Granules” Egg Immunostaining of P Ganules

  11. Par (Partition) Mutants Wild Type par-1 Mutant P granules DIC

  12. 2-cell embryo Plasma Membrane Cytosol

  13. Early L3

  14. Early L3 Late L3

  15. Early L3 Fate Map

  16. “Vulva-less Phentoype “Bag of worms” “Bag of embryos”

  17. EGF Pathways of Vertebrates

  18. “Notch” Receptor

  19. 1o VPC (Lin-12) 2o VPC

  20. Two-Signal Model of Vulva Development

  21. T.ap Cell Development

  22. LIN-14 Mutations

  23. Lin-14-GFP WT Worms L3 L2 L1 Adult

  24. LIN-4 Mutations lin-4(lf) lin-4(gf)

  25. RNAi (RNA Interference) Lin-4 RNA Lin-14 mRNA Lin-4 RISC miRNA = micro RNA RISC = RNA-Induced Silencing Complex

  26. C. elegans ~ 88 miRNAs ~ 30 miRNAs expressed during larval development Humans ~ 220 miRNAs ~ 2000 “Target” mRNAs Micro RNAs

  27. Drosophila melanogaster

  28. Dorsal Posterior Anterior Ventral

  29. Cleavage in the Drosophila Embryo

  30. Embryo A P Larva A P

  31. P A 2 hrs. A P 10 hrs.

  32. A P A P

  33. Genetic Hierarchy in A-P Axis Specification

  34. Mutant Phenotypes for Maternal-Effect Genes

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