Scientific Realization of Practicable Power Plant

1. Scientific Realization of Practicable Power Plant P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department An appropriate amalgamation of Science & Ingenuity…..

2. A Major Crossroad Confusion: How to go from <6% to 75% Efficiency ???????

3. Engineering of Carnot Cycle

4. A Major Crossroad Confusion: How to go from <6% to 75% Efficiency ???????

5. Rankine, William John Macquorn(1820-1872)

6. A Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers (1859)William John Macquorn Rankine • This law (regarding the theoretical efficiency of heat engines by Mr. Joule), • and the law of the maximum efficiency of heat engines, • are particular cases of a general law which regulates all transformation of energy, and • is the basis of the Science of Energetics.

7. A MANUAL of the STEAM ENGINE and other PRIME MOVERS 1859 Rankine • The conventional name “work of the thermodynamics ” by Rankine. • Rankine is the largest meritorious person who in addition raises the technology of the steam engine to science, the word, "energy " is something due to him. • Harmony meaning of this work becomes " the manual of the steam engine and the other motive for action machines “. • The chapter " of thermodynamics " advocated the cyclic process which is called Rankine cycle. • This was related to the policy of researching the steam engine theoretically, brought the progress of the steam engine.

8. Rankine, William John Macquorn(1820-1872) • In 1849 he delivered two papers on the subject of heat, and in 1849 he showed the further modifications required to French physicist Sadi Carnot's theory of thermodynamics. • In A Manual of the Steam Engine and other Prime Movers 1859, Rankine described a thermodynamic cycle of events (the Rankine cycle). • This came to be used as a standard for the performance of steam-power installations where a considerable vapour provides the working fluid. • Rankine here explained how a liquid in the boiler vaporized by the addition of heat converts part of this energy into mechanical energy when the vapour expands in an engine. • As the exhaust vapour is condensed by a cooling medium such as water, heat is lost from the cycle. • The condensed liquid is pumped back into the boiler.

9. How about a modified cycle - A Rankine cycle • To avoid transporting and compressing two-phase fluid, try to condense all fluid exiting from the turbine into saturated liquid before compressed it by a pump. • when the saturated vapor enters the turbine, its temperature and pressure decrease and liquid droplets will form by condensation. x • These droplets can produce significant damages to the turbine blades due to corrosion and impact. • One possible solution: superheating the vapor. • It can also increase the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

10. Ideal Rankine Cycle

11. Layout of Equipment :The Simple Rankine Cycle

12. Pump : ADIABATIC Process 1 2 SSSF: Conservation of mass First Law : No heat transfer, change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible

13. 2 – 3 : Boiler: Isobaric Heating : p3 = p2 No work transfer, change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible QCV 3 2 Assuming a single fluid entering and leaving…

14. 3 T 4 Turbine : Adiabatic Process :s4=s3 No heat transfer. Change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible Assuming a single fluid entering and leaving…

15. 4 – 1 : Condenser : Isobaric Cooling : p4 = p1 QCV 4 1 No work transfer, change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible Assuming a single fluid entering and leaving…

16. Analysis of Rankine Power Plant • First law for a Power Plant:

17. Cost to Benefit Ratio Analysis of Rankine Cycle

18. The Steam Power Plant Executes a Thermodynamic Cycle using an assembly of CVs Multiple Inflows & Multiple Outlets !!!