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This chapter explores the societal effects of war, including the division caused by slaves' actions, the draft laws and their consequences, and the divisive sentiments in both the North and South. It also examines the economic and social changes, women's involvement in the war effort, and the transformation of society during this tumultuous time.
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War Affects Society Chapter 17 Section 2
A Divisive Time • Slaves slowed work or stopped working altogether. • Waited for Union soldiers to join the army. • Draft laws – conscription – required men to serve in the military. • South – more than 20 slaves –did not have to serve. • Both Union & Confederacy – could pay substitutes to serve in their place. • Draft unpopular – caused riots.
A Divisive Time • Some Southern areas against secession. • 1863 –western counties in VA succeeded and formed West VA. • Joined the Union • Copperheads – Northern Democrats who favored peace with the South. • Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus – prevents government from holding citizens without formal charges.
Economic & Social Change • Food shortages in the South. • Unable to harvest crops, transportation disrupted, armies seized food. • 1861 – first income tax – tax on earnings. • Greenbacks – issued to help the economy – North.
Women Aid the War Effort • Women took over men’s jobs. • Volunteer workers and nurses on the fields – Clara Barton. • Sometimes disguised themselves as men. • Spies – on both sides. • Harriet Tubman – Union • Belle Boyd – Confederate spy.
Society Transformed • Opportunities opened up for those traditionally kept out of public life. • Nursing became honorable profession. • African Americans gained more rights. • Social resentment, inflation, and food shortages began to destroy Southern morale.
