The Effect of Various Carbohydrate Sources Utilized in a Double Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell

1. The Effect of Various Carbohydrate Sources Utilized in a Double Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Julie Paone Period 3 http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/bioenergy/mfc_make_cell.htm

2. Need • Alternate energy • Efficiency and economically priced • Wastewater has 9.3 more energy in it than what’s being used to treat it. • Microbial Fuel Cell http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/web_presentations/MFC-MECs-Bruce-Logan-1-2-08.pdf

3. Knowledge BaseAny organic material can create electricity • Two step process • Removal of electrons from organic matter (oxidation) • Giving the electrons to something that will accept them (reduction)(oxygen) • The electrons flow to cathode and join with protons • Voltage and current Logan, 2009 http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/publications/2009-Logan-NatRevMicrobiol.pdf

4. Electrogenesis • Process of converting food into energy • Respiratory enzymes  ATP • Terminal electron acceptor (TEA) • Exogenously http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n7/fig_tab/nrmicro1442_F2.html

5. Carbon Sources • Food Source (substrate) • Yeast extract, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, fructose, sucrose, and starch http://www.diabetes-support.com/Articles/understanding-diabetic-diet.htm

6. Glucose http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2008/04/Edible_electricity.asp • C6H12O6 • used as an energy source in most organisms, from bacteria to humans

7. Fructose • Simple monosaccharide • Isomer of glucose (C6H12O6) • Different structure http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose

8. Sucrose • Disaccharide (glucose and fructose) • C12H22O11 • Table sugar http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Sucrose_3Dprojection.png

9. Lactose • Disaccharide (galactose and glucose fragments) • Sugar in milk • C12H22O11 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose

10. Starch • large number of glucose units joined together • Most important carbohydrate in the human diet • C6H10O5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch

11. Construction Efficiency Cost Materials

12. Literature Review 1 • Effect of carbon sources as the substrate • Micrococcus luteus • 11 carbon sources tested (yeast extract, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, and starch) • Double chamber with PEM (Choi, et al. 2007)

13. Literature Review 2 (Logan, 2005)Electricity Generation from cystenine in a microbial fuel cell • Cystenine (substrate) • Double chamber MFC with PEM • Tested to see if alone it could act as a food source • Efficiency achieved is comparable to other substrates

14. Literature Review 3 http://www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/ncbe/materials/MICROBIOLOGY/PDF/bennetto.pdf • In one equation, 1 molecule of glucose provides a maximum of 24 electrons. Bennetto, 1990

15. Literature Review 4 • Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1 • Cell voltage and current were used to calculate the power density (P=I/V). Xing, 2008 http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/publications/2008-Xing-etal-ES&T.pdf

16. Purpose Hypothesis • To determine whether a monosaccharide or disaccharide food source significantly affects the amount of voltage produced by e. coli in a Microbial Fuel Cell. • The null hypothesis states that the type of food source will not significantly affect the voltage produced by bacteria. • The alternate hypothesis states that the type of food source has a significant affect on the amount of voltage produced.

17. Methodology

18. Budget Total So Far: $170.42 *the carbon cloth will be the most expensive

19. Do ability • Experiment was done last year • Most materials are familiar • Background in culturing • Data collection was previously done • Materials are accessible http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/bioenergy/mfc_make_cell.htm

20. Bibliography • Choi, Youngjin, Eunkyoung Jung, Hyunjoo Park, Seunho Jung, Sunghyun Kim, Effect of Initial Carbon Sources on the Performance of a Microbial Fuel Cell Containing Environmental Microorganism Micrococcus luteus. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc, Vol. 28, No. 9, 2007 Pp. 1591-1594 • Bennetto, H. P., Electricity generation by microorganisms, National Centre for Biotechnology Education. Vol. 1, No.4, 1990 Pp. 163-168 • Liu, Hong, Grot, Stephen, Logan, Bruce E., Electrochemically Assisted Microbial Production of Hydrogen from Acetate, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 39, 2005 Pp. 4317-4320 • Logan, Bruce E. Exoelectrogenic bacteria that power microbial fuel cells. Nature Reviews, Microbiology, Vol. 7, May 2009 Pp. 375-381 • Logan, Bruce E., Cassandro Murano, Keith Scott, Neil D. Gray, Ian M. Head, Electricity Generation from Cystenine in a Microbial Fuel Cell, Water Research, 2005 Pp. 942-952 • Logan, B.E., Microbial Fuel Cells, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hobeken, New Jersey, 2008. • Macdonald, Averil and Berry, Martyn, Science through Hydrogen: Clean Energy for the Future,Heliocentris energiesysteme, 2004. Pp. 74, 80 • Melis, Anastasios, Green Alga Hydrogen production: progress, challenges and prospects. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. • Xing, Defeng, Zuo, Yi, Cheng, Shaoan, Regan, John M., Logan, Bruce E. Electricity Generation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1, Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 42, No. 11, 2008 Pp. 4146-4145