The Cold War Thaws

1. The Cold War Thaws Chapter 17-Section 5 Modern World History Big 5 Focus-Government #2 and #6; Society #3

2. Review of Terms Capitalism Communism Democracy Totalitarianism Equality Individualism Collectivism

3. Review of Terms Capitalism Definition: an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state How Relates to Government: government honors free trade, does not own trade and industry (does set regulations) Countries/Leaders that supported: United States, other Western Countries that were part of NATO

4. Review of Terms Communism Definition: seeks to eliminate class war and leads to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. How Relates to Government: government owns and regulates trade and industry Countries/Leaders that supported: Soviet Union and all Warsaw Pact countries including China

5. Review of Terms Democracy Definition: a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives How Relates to Government: government officials elected by the people for a certain amount of time Countries/Leaders that supported: United States and other Western countries part of NATO

6. Review of Terms Totalitarianism Definition: a political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible. How Relates to Government: government is in control of all aspects regarding the people within the society Countries/Leaders that supported: Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries including China

7. Review of Terms Equality Definition: the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities How Relates to Government: supports democracy Countries/Leaders that supported: United States and all other countries within NATO

8. Review of Terms Individualism Definition: a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control How Relates to Government: supports democracy Countries/Leaders that supported: United States and all other countries within NATO

9. Review of Terms Collectivism Definition: the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it How Relates to Government: supports Communism Countries/Leaders that supported: Soviet Union and other countries within Warsaw Pact

10. Answer the Following… How did each of the following countries try to resist Soviet rule-HUNGARY, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, CHINA? What was the foreign policy of each of the following U.S. Presidents-JFK, Johnson, Nixon, Reagan? What was the objective of each of the following-détente, Salt I Treaty, and “Star Wars” (NOT the movie series)?

11. How did each country try to resist Soviet rule? HUNGARY *Hungarian army joined protesters to overthrow government *Nagy formed a new government

12. How did each country try to resist Soviet rule? CZECHOSLOVAKIA *Alexander Dubcek loosened controls on censorship *Suggested socialism as an option *Time known as Prague Spring-new ideas, new thoughts on how government should be run

13. How did each country try to resist Soviet rule? CHINA *Began to spread their own brand of communism *Tried to maintain a fragile peace after fighting broke out along their borders

14. What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President? • John F. Kennedy • Threat of nuclear war with other countries a possibility • Needed to keep an eye on opposing sides • Cuban Missile Crisis-Soviets turned back to avoid confrontation

15. What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President? • Lyndon Johnson • Committed to stopping the spread of communism • Escalated U.S. involvement in Vietnam War • Created problems within U.S.

16. What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President? • Richard Nixon • Began backing away from direct confrontation with Soviet Union • Détente replaced brinkmanship (lessening of Cold War tensions) • “Realistic policies”-dealing with other nations in a practical and flexible manner • Still wanted to contain the spread of communism • Agreed to reduce tensions with Soviet Union • First to visit Communist China

17. What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President? • Ronald Regan • Took an anti-Communist stance • Continued to move away from détente • Increased defense spending-put economic and military pressure on Soviet Union • SDI-(symbolic) program to protect U.S. against enemy missiles • Change in Soviet leadership brought new policy towards U.S. and towards ending Cold War

18. What was the objective of each of the following? • Détente • Policy of lessening Cold War tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union • Improve relationship between the two governments

19. What was the objective of each of the following? • SALT I Treaty • Signed by Nixon (U.S.) and Brezhnev (Soviet Union) • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks • Five-year agreement, limited number of intercontinental ballistic and submarine-launched missiles each country could have • 33 nations joined U.S. and Soviet Union

20. What was the objective of each of the following? • “Star Wars” • Development of rockets, missiles that could travel great distances • Creation of SDI • First to develop technology to travel into space • Move programs forward to promote own country’s agenda