Last week’s assignment, to send your question/answer to the iranian/

1. Last week’s assignment, to send your question/answer to the http://www.iranian.com/ Re. Last week’s assignment, to send your question/answer to the Irianian.co as part of our work on globalisation and the cinema. Last year the writer of the article, Naghmeh Sohrabi (who received his PhD from Harvard recently) responded to one of the students in this course who wrote on Sohrabi’sarticle on how “the West is patronizing Iranian cinema”. (http://www.iranian.com/Letters/2002/November/nov5.html#3) Sohrabi’s response (http://www.iranian.com/NaghmehSohrabi/2002/November/Film/index.html) It is well worth the read and fits in with this week’s work on globalised education (Sohrabi was educated at Harvard and teaches in the US)

2. Global Educationslides 3-24Distant Educationslides 15-21The Virtual University slides 22-24Teachers are the largest single group of trained professionals in the world (Teachers without Borders)

3. ILLITERACY FIGURES • By country and gender • 2000 Illiteracy rates – World • World regions by gender • 2000 Illiteracy rates - Arab States and North Africa • 2000 Illiteracy rates - Latin America and the Caribbean • 2000 Illiteracy rates - South and West Asia

4. Global EducationWho Is in Charge of Learning? The Multinational Control of Education and the Media Worldwide ~ universities have long been funded by big business, particularly by the weapons industry and the pharmaceutical drug companies, which are among the largest and most profitable businesses in the world. A report in 2000 identified almost 1,000 university research projects being funded by oil and gas companies. Furthermore the Chairman of Esso UK is on the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The result? Five times as much is spent on research into oil and gas as is spent on renewable energy sources. C O R P O R A T I O N S that “support” education Coke and other soft drink companies have started paying millions of dollars for exclusive marketing rights in schools see ALSO McDonalds are funding a centre that produces learning materials on ‘Health Care’ Eventually there could be a few major corporations that control the education of the workforce of the future.

5. Branding, globalization and learning to be consumersIt is time to recognize that the true tutors of our children are not schoolteachers or university professors but filmmakers, advertising executives and pop culture purveyors. Disney does more than Duke, Spielberg outweighs Stanford, MTV trumps MIT. (Benjamin R. Barber quoted by Giroux 2000: 15)

6. Commodification and the Corporate Takeover of Education Process of commodification - and the development of attempts to standardize 'products' and to find economies of scale the making of a market entailed the meeting of four requirements: 1. The reconfiguration of the goods and services in question so that they can be priced and sold. 2. The inducing of people to want to buy them. 3. The transformation of the workforce from one working for collective aims with a service ethic to one working to produce profits for owners of capital and subject to market discipline. Colin Leys (2001) Schools have to compete for students in order to sustain and extend their funding. marketisation and commodification has led to a significant privatization of education in a number of countries. Re. $17,000/year at Albany Academy for Girls – the for-profit education market represented around $600 billion in revenue for corporate interests. Over 1000 state schools have been contracted out to private companies

7. How globalisation affects education From a bulletin board posting on globalhawaii.org “In Indonesia globalization effect our education in curriculum, menegement of the education and the line of information. First in curriculum.In curriculum we adapt a lot of western countries curriculum but it not all of them because we still have our local values which is cannot be adapt from western country. It happen because Indoenesia as a developing country (I think now on Indonesia is underdeveloping country) need to compete with the developed country. I f we don't some reformation in education then our young people cannot compete in free trade area (APEC and AFTA. So our government made a lot changes to made a competitive worker. In management of educationIn management of education we invite a lot of scholars from around the world in order to get a better management and received some data from the first hand. Luckily our education institution have good relations with some big NGOs and International Administration Organization and they were very helpfull in donating us and invite those scholars.Even our students go abroad to come to several international events so we can get new friends and lingkages and also experience which can shared and practised in Indonesia. In the line of informationBy using internet we are part of globalization and also we're doing education in the same time. I see internet as a part of education. From internet we can get a lot of information. This is one of educational system.

8. Global teachers Global Nomads Group Teachers without borders

9. Reading 1. Lipman, Pauline. Bush's Education Plan, Globalization, and the Politics of Race. http://eserver.org/clogic/4-1/lipman.html • The U.S. investment in learning (everything from corporate training to teaching kids) is more than is spent on defense. • The essence of Bush's proposals is to open up public education to the market.

10. "The Twilight of American Culture" by Morris Berman Dr Morris Berman is an academic, cultural historian and social critic who believes that American civilisation is on the verge of collapse. Among the signs that America is a culture in decline, Berman cites its citizens' love of capitalism, their belief in globalisation, the increasingly large gap between rich and poor, people's fascination with celebrity culture, and their inability to distinguish quality from kitsch. Although Berman decries the abilities of today's students, he's not exactly showing his academic superior self himself. In one section, he misuses the term "cybernetics", and, in another, includes this embarrassing sentence: The group included men, women, and people of color. Which we discussed in past classes is what movies and television and advertisement has done for a very long time - WHAT IS WRONG WITH THIS SENTENCE???

11. Reading 2: GLOBALIZATION, KNOWLEDGE, EDUCATION AND TRAININGIN THE INFORMATION AGEDerrick L. Cogburn Components in a New Framework for Knowledge (globalised): A Focus on Abstract Concepts Uses a Holistic, As Opposed to Discrete, Approach Enhances the Student’s Ability to Manipulate Symbols Enhances the Student’s Ability to Acquire and Utilize Knowledge Produces an Increased Quantity of Scientifically and Technically Trained Persons Encourages Students to Work in Teams Virtual Teams Around the World Agile and Flexible System Break the Boundaries of Space and Time

12. nearly 2 million students are currently seeking education outside of their home countriesFOREIGN STUDENT AND TOTAL U.S. ENROLLMENT 2002/2003

13. Foreign Student Visas since 911 Rethinking foreign students US Educated: Philippines' Corazon AquinoIsrael's Ehud Barak Hani Hasan Hanjour - Oakland, Calif.did not attend a single class ~ one of the terrorists in the plane that crashed into the Pentagon on September 11 United Kingdom: Dr. Rihab Rashida Taha ~ Ph.D. in biology; doctoral research was on plant poisons ~ "Dr. Germ," became the head of Saddam Hussein's bio-terrorism team. 1971, the State Department issued 65,000 student visas. 2000 ~ issued 315,000 student visas 2002 ~ 1 million foreign students in the U.S. Foreign students receive 35 percent of the doctorates awarded in the physical sciences, and 49 percent of those in engineering. Between 1981 and 1999 students from Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen (countries targeted for increased security monitoring by the US State Department) received 111 doctorates in nuclear and organic chemistry, with 40 of them going to Iraqi students; 434 doctorates in chemical and nuclear engineering, with 106 going to Iraqis; and 112 doctorates in atomic and nuclear physics, with 31 going to Iraqis Whats new Australia

14. As of NOVEMBER 3, 2003Information from Open Doors 2003 India The Top Sending Country ~ increased by 12% to 74,603 students China up 2% to 64,757, Korea up 5% to 51,519) Asian students comprise over half (51%) of all international enrollments, followed by students from Europe (13%), Latin America (12%), Africa (7%), the Middle East (6%), North America and Oceania (5%). Fields of Study Business & Management is the highest at 19.6% The economics of foreign students In the US - Open Doors 2003 reports that international students contribute nearly $12 billion dollars to the U.S. economy in money spent on tuition, living expenses, and related costs. Nearly 75% of all international student funding comes from personal and family sources or other sources outside of the United States. Department of Commerce data describe U.S. higher education as the country's fifth largest service sector export.

15. What is Distance Learning? • Distance Learning at Hudson Valley Community Collegemeans using the Internet and e-mail to access courses, submit homework assignments, and communicate with the instructor and other students. Distance learning course materials include videos as well as textbooks, student guides, and Internet sites. Distance Learning means that students can work at locations and times that are convenient for them. Although most of the work can be done from home, some of the courses require labs or other on-campus meetings. A few of the courses may also have mid-terms or finals on campus.

16. AustralasiaCharles Sturt University (Australia), Curtin University of Technology (Australia), Deakin University (Australia), Griffiths University (Australia), Monash University (Australia), Murdoch University (Australia), Massey University (New Zealand), Northern Territories University (Australia), Open University of Israel, Open Polytechnic of New Zealand, Southern Cross University (Australia), University of Adelaide (Australia), University of Melbourne (Australia), University of New South Wales (Australia), University of Otago (New Zealand), University of Queensland (Australia), University of South Australia (Australia), University of the South Pacific (Fiji), University of Sydney (Australia), University of Tasmania (Australia) • North AmericaAthabasca University(Canada), Howard University (USA), Mind Extension University (USA), On-Line Education (USA), Nova South Eastern University (USA), Pennsylvania State University (USA), Tele Education (Canada), University of Phoenix (USA), University of British Columbia(Canada), University of Maryland (USA), University of Minnesota(USA), Iowa State University (USA) • South AmericaUniversidad de Belgrano (Argentina), Universidad Nacional de Tucuman (Argentina), Universidad Tecnologica Nacional (Argentina), Universidad NUR (Bolivia), Centro de Ensino Tecnologico de Brasilia (Brazil), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Columbia), Universidad Estatel a Distancia (Costa Rica)

17. Distance Education Institutions continued • AsiaAnadolu University (Turkey), Central Radio & TV University (China), University of the Air (Japan), Universitas Terbuka(Indonesian Open Learning University), Korea National Open University (Korea) , Open University of Hong Kong (China), Open University of the Phillipines (Phillipines), Indira Gandhi Open University (India), Sukhotha, Thammathirat Open University (Thailand)EuropeCentre for Telematics and Information Technology (Holland), CNED (France)FernUniversiteit (Germany), Institute of Telematics (Germany), NKI (Norway), NKS Ernst Mortensen Foundation (Norway), Open University (United Kingdom), Open University of The Netherlands (Holland), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Spain), UNED (Spain), University of the Highlands and Islands (Scotland) • AfricaTechnikon South Africa, University of South Africa, Vista University (South Africa), Institute of Distance Education (University of Swaziland)

18. Study in Australia • Why study in Australia • UNISA • Study in Australia • Australian Education Festival 2003

19. Cultural Problems in Distance Education • four dimensions by which national cultures are said to vary a. Power distance ~ the extent to which unequal distribution of power is accepted in a society b. Uncertainty avoidance ~ uncertainty avoidance is the degree to which a society can deal with ambiguity and to tolerance for deviation from the norm c. Collectivism-individualism ~ individualism refers to the degree to which one attaches values to his/her own self rather than to collectivist values d. Masculinity-femininity ~ the degree to which the values are "masculine". (Hofstede (1980) defines masculinity as a perspective that places more emphasis on work goals and assertiveness while relegating interpersonal goals and nurturing.) Hofstede's (1980) See a chart on country’s indexes

20. Language • The cat that said woof

21. multiple "distances" to be navigated in distance learning programmes a. Knowledge: what the learners actually know. b. Prior skills: what they actually can do. c. Language: the level of their language ability. d. Culture: their cultural background. e. Context: the contest learners actually inhabit. f. Learning patterns and styles: their learning styles. g. Learning goals and motivations: what needs, interests, goals, and motivations the programme assumes that learners have as opposed to the actual goals and motivations of learners. Granger (1995).

22. Virtual • Global Education Centre GEC Students ~ Since 1994, over ten thousand Asian students have used our services to obtain American education. Our students include scholars, government officials, business executives and a few billionaires in Asia. The success of our students has made our GEC a great name in Asia. Since 1999, we have provides training to hundreds of American students in California.

23. Distance Education Online Virtual GraduatePrograms (advertisement) • Online virtual graduate programs provide a convenient method of course delivery without restrictions by time or location. All students of virtual graduate programs have accessibility to instruction at anytime from anywhere, making online virtual graduate programs an excellent way to fit education into their busy lives. The convenience to attend virtual graduate programs from a home computer via the Internet, 24 hours a day, seven days a week makes reaching their academic and career goals easier. Several distance learning colleges and universities are listed below.

24. The Virtual University "anytime anywhere learning." • The Virtual University in its purist form does not exist physically. • Anyone from any part of the world can enroll in courses offered by educational institutions located in any other part of the world. Twenty years ago, the world's first online course was delivered on a modem bulletin board in Southern California one million people from 128 countries have attended online classes at VU... African Virtual University AFU Michigan Virtual University MVU

25. Bibliography Granger, D. (1995). Supporting students at a distance. Adult Learning V7 (1) p22-23. Hofstede, Geert. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values.Newbury Park, CA: Sage.