Prevent Disease Promote Health

1. Prevent Disease Promote Health • We will take a look at: • Obesity • Heart Disease • Cancer • Disease Prevention

2. Disease Prevention • Why do we want to prevent disease? • What are the most devastating diseases?

3. 1. Heart Disease 2. Cancer 3. Stroke 4. Emphazema 5. Unintentional injury 6.Diabetes 7. Influenza/ Pneumonia 8. Alzheimer's 9. Kidney Disease 10. Infections Top Ten Causes of Death in the United States

4. Diabetes Mellitus Facts • 17 million people in the US have Diabetes. • 11.1 million have been diagnosed • 5.9 are undiagnosed.

5. What Causes Diabetes? • The body does not produce or properly use the hormone insulin. • Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugars, starches and other food into energy.

6. Type 1 Diabetes • Accounts for 5-10% of all Diabetes in the United States. • Results from the bodies failure to produce insulin. • May be a genetic disposition to immune destruction.

7. Type 2 Diabetes • 90-95% of Americans with Diabetes have Type 2. • Results from decreased insulin resistance (produce insulin, but don’t use it effectively). • May be caused by obesity, age, genetics.

8. Heart disease Stroke Hypertension Blindness Kidney Disease Dental Disease Pregnancy Complications Nervous System Disease Amputations Complications from Diabetes

9. Preventing Diabetes You can lower your risk of getting Diabetes by doing the following: • Maintain your Ideal Body Weight. • Make healthy food choices. • Exercise on a regular basis.

10. Prevention is the Key! • Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson is promoting preventative measures such as increased community education on Diabetes.

11. The Cost of Diabetes • The cost of healthcare in the US was $1.4 trillion in 2001, three quarters of that was used to treat chronic (ongoing) diseases that could be prevented, such as Diabetes. • The cost of Diabetes in the US is nearly 98 billion per year in direct and indirect expenditures.

12. The Cost of Diabetes • This is why prevention can be effective, it can lower healthcare costs for all of us, plus reduce risk of acquiring this disease.

13. 4% 4-6% 6% n/a Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83 Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83 4% 4-6% 6% n/a Prevalence of Diabetes among U.S. Adults, BRFSS, 1990

14. 4% 4-6% 6% n/a Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83 Prevalence of Diabetes among U.S. Adults, BRFSS, 1991-92

15. 4% 4-6% 6% n/a Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83 Prevalence of Diabetes among U.S. Adults, BRFSS, 1993-94 Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83

16. 4% 4-6% 6% n/a Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83 Prevalence of Diabetes among U.S. Adults, BRFSS, 1995-96

17. 4% 4-6% 6% n/a Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83 Prevalence of Diabetes among U.S. Adults, BRFSS, 1997-98

18. Coronary Heart Disease • Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) results from the narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the heart.

19. Coronary Heart Disease • CHD affects 7 million Americans each year, each year approximately 500,000 people die from heart attacks. • Atherosclerosis is the gradual build up of plaques in blood vessels that feed the heart.

20. Cholesterol • Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that occurs naturally in the body. • The body uses cholesterol for hormone, Vitamin D and bile acid production. • High cholesterol levels can increase your risk for developing CHD.

21. Risk Factors for CHD • Risk Factors that cannot be controlled: • Age • Gender • Genetics

22. Risk Factors for CHD • Risk Factors that can be controlled: • Smoking • High Cholesterol • High Blood Pressure • Physical Inactivity • Obesity • Diabetes • Stress • Alcohol Consumption

23. Preventing CHD • Factors that can help prevent CHD are the following: • Be at or near Ideal Body Weight • Exercise regularly • Lower intake of saturated fat • Increase Omega-3-Fatty Acids • Relaxation techniques

24. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

25. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

26. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

27. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

28. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

29. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

30. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

31. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

32. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

33. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

34. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

35. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

36. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

37. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

38. <10% 10-15% > 15% NA Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) Source: Mokdad A H, et al. Am Med Assoc 2000;284:13

40. Cancer • The term “cancer” refers to a group of diseases in which cells grow and spread throughout the body • Different kinds of cancer – lung, breast, colon – most common • Tissue cancer – cartilage, muscle • Immature blood cells form another type of cancer

41. What Causes Cancer • Viruses can trigger the development of cancer • Exposure to too much sunlight • Too many calories & fat may play a role • Low fruit and vegetable intake may play a role

42. What Causes Cancer? • Cigarette smoking is responsible for most lung cancer • Excessive alcohol can increase the risk of mouth, throat & esophagus cancer • People who smoke & drink have 40 times the risk of cancer than those who don’t smoke & drink Lung cancer cells

43. What Causes Cancer? • Occupations such as working around certain kinds of wood or gas – exposed to cancer causing substances • Air and car pollution

44. Cancer Facts • Almost 90% of adult smokers are addicted at or before age 18. • About one-third of 3,000 youth who start to smoke will die from smoking – mainly cancer. • 28.5% of high school students have smoked within the last 30 days

45. Cancer Facts • Because at least half overweight children become overweight adults, an increase of weight during childhood and teen years will result in an increase risk of developing cancer and other heart diseases. Fat cells

46. Increase Whole grain products Fruits and vegetables Lowfat or fat free dairy products Lean meats, fish, nuts, beans Unsaturated fats such as olive oil Water Decrease Fast foods Sodas Candy and Sweets Potato Chips Saturated fats such as butter Salty foods Can What You Eat REALLY make a Difference?

47. Conclusion What can you do to prevent diseases such as Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease? • Change your lifestyle to meet the recommended guidelines for healthy eating & exercise. • Do everything in moderation, including moderation!