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Microscopic World: Bacteria, Viruses, and Protists

Explore the fascinating world of microscopic organisms like bacteria, viruses, and protists, including their classification, anatomy, and functions. Learn about antibiotic resistance, viral infections, and the diversity of protists in different kingdoms.

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Microscopic World: Bacteria, Viruses, and Protists

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  1. Bacteria

  2. Classification • Domain Archaea and Kingdom Archaebacteria …No peptidoglycan in cell wall …DNA similar to Eukaryotes …Harsh Environments

  3. Domain Bacteria and Kingdom Eubacteria …Peptodoglycan in cell wall …DNA unlike eukaryotes

  4. Bacteria Anatomy Cell Wall Capsule Endospore Pili Flagella

  5. Lactobacilli: rod-shaped Spirochaeta: spiral Enterococci: spherical • Bacteria commonly come in three forms. • rod-shaped, called bacilli • spiral, called spirilla or spirochetes • spherical, called cocci

  6. A bacterium carries genes for antibiotic resistance on a plasmid. A copy of the plasmid is transferred through conjugation. Resistance is quickly spread through many bacteria. Bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics.

  7. Viruses • Nonliving particle that can cause disease. • Composed of a protein coat and nucleic acid

  8. host bacterium The bacterophage attachesand injects it DNA into a host bacterium. The host bacterium breaks apart, or lyses. Bacteriophages are ableto infect new host cells. The viral DNA forms a circle. The viral DNA directs the hostcell to produce new viral parts.The parts assemble into newbacteriophages. The virus may enter the lysogenic cycle, in which the host cell is not destroyed. Viruses cause two types of infections. • Lytic

  9. The prophage may leave the host’s DNA and enter the lytic cycle. The viral DNA is called a prophage when it combines with the host cell’s DNA. Although the prophage is not active, it replicates along with the host cell’s DNA. Many cell divisions produce a colony of bacteria infected with prophage. • Lysogenic

  10. Kingdom Protista • Animal-like (Protozoans) • Flagella, Cilia, Pseudopodia • Plant-like (Algae) • Photosynthetic • Fungi-like (Protozoans) • Slime Molds and Water Molds

  11. Kingdom Fungi • Plants and fungi have different traits. • Fungal cell walls are made of chitin. • Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. • Plants have chlorophyll and photosynthesize. • Fungi absorb food through hyphae. • Decomposers, Pathogens, Mutualists

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