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Rise in diabetes among children grades K-12

Rise in diabetes among children grades K-12. Mitzy Danell Flores Public Health Nursing.

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Rise in diabetes among children grades K-12

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  1. Rise in diabetes among children grades K-12 MitzyDanell Flores Public Health Nursing

  2. DiabetesDefinition of type I :Type 1 diabetes, once known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy. Various factors may contribute to type 1 diabetes, including genetics and exposure to certain viruses. Although type 1 diabetes typically appears during adolescence, it can develop at any age. Despite active research, type 1 diabetes has no cure, although it can be managed. With proper treatment, people who have type 1 diabetes can expect to live longer, healthier lives than in the past. Definition of type 2 :Type 2 diabetes, once known as adult-onset or noninsulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose), your body's main source of fuel. With type 2 diabetes, the body either resists the effects of insulin — a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into your cells — or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain a normal glucose level. Untreated, type 2 diabetes can be life-threatening. There's no cure for type 2 diabetes, but it can be managed — or even prevented — the condition. Eating well, exercising and maintaining a healthy weight. If diet and exercise aren't enough to control type 2 diabetes, diabetes medications or insulin therapy may be needed to manage your blood sugar. References Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Type 1 Diabetes. Retrieved on March 1st, 2012 from http://www.bing.com/health/article/mayo-MADS00329/Type-1-diabetes?q=type+1+diabetes+mellitus&qpvt=definition+of+type+1+diabetes+mellitus Mayo Clinic. (n.d). Type 2 Diabetes. Retrieved on March 1st, 2012 from http://www.bing.com/health/article/mayo-MADS00585/Type-2-diabetes?q=type+2+diabetes+mellitus&qpvt=definition+of+type+2+diabetes+mellitus

  3. DemographicsEpidemiological and Statistical Data*Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents; about 151,000 people below the age of 20 years have diabetes. *Each year, more than 13,000 young people are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.Health care providers are finding more and more children with type 2 diabetes, a disease usually diagnosed in adults aged 40 years or older. *A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents was found only for American Indians. *The epidemics of obesity and the low level of physical activity among young people, as well as exposure to diabetes in utero, may be major contributors to the increase in type 2 diabetes during childhood and adolescence. *Children and adolescents diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are generally between 10 and 19 years old, obese, have a strong family history for type 2 diabetes, and have insulin resistance. Generally, children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes have poor glycemic control (A1C = 10% - 12%).*Those affected with type 2 diabetes belong to all ethnic groups, but it is more commonly seen in non-white groups. American Indian youths have the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes.*Type 2 diabetes of 7.2 per 100,000 for African Americans and whites aged 10-19 years in 1994. By comparison, the national incidence of type 1 diabetes among those aged 10-19 years is 19 per 100,000. In most of the U.S. case reports, type 2 diabetes accounted for 8% to 46% of all new cases of diabetes (type 1 and type 2) referred to pediatric centers. The magnitude of type 2 diabetes is probably underestimated. References CDC. (2011). Children and Diabetes-more information. Retrieved on March 1st, 2012 from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/projects/cda2.htm

  4. Social Factors • Vending machines, unhealthy snacks available to students in the cafeteria at school. • Technology may also have a part in obesity -- cell phones, video games and MP3 players all discourage physical activity. • Gym class eliminated makes it difficult to establish healthy, lifelong physical activity patterns. A sedentary lifestyle leads to being overweight or obese while raising blood sugar, blood pressure and increasing risk for type 2 diabetes. • Parents lower economic status, less options for obtaining healthier food choices • Saturation of market with aims to sell foods high in refined sugars, fats, and carbohydrates. • Lack of basic medical care Political Factors*In response to the growing public health concern, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are funding a 5-year, multicenter study, SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, to examine the current status of diabetes among children and adolescents in the United States. *The 5-year program is expected to provide estimates of trends in the incidence of diabetes for ages 0–19 years by type and race/ethnicity and support research aimed at assessing the incidence of diabetes-related complications, quality of care, quality of life, and mortality by diabetes type and race/ethnicity. * The Diabetes Prevention and Control Program (DPCP) was created in July of 1997. The DPCP's Mission is to promote the highest standards available for the care, management and treatment of diabetes. The goal is to reduce the burden of diabetes and the health-related complications of Floridians with diabetes by improving the access to, and quality of, diabetes care..Current Projects and ActivitiesThe Florida Alliance for Diabetes Prevention and CareA statewide partnership of health-care professionals, organizations and others with an interest in diabetes prevention and care. The Diabetes Advisory CouncilThe Diabetes Advisory Council (DAC) is a governor-appointed group that advises the Governor and Florida's Surgeon General on emerging diabetes issues affecting care, treatment, and quality of life. Chronic Disease Online Provider Education ModulesFree CME/CEs designed for healthcare professionals with limited "down" time! Course curricula address topics vital to the prevention, treatment and control of Cancer, Diabetes, Heart Disease and Stroke, and Obesity. Insulin Distribution ProgramEligibility guidelines for receiving insulin. References Boehlke, J. (2011). The increase of obesity and diabetes in children. Retrieved on March 2nd, 2012 from http://www.livestrong.com/article/348940-the-increase-of-obesity-diabetes-in-children/ CDC. (2011). Surveillance, Natural History, Quality of Care, and Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus with Onset in Childhood and Adolescence. Retrieved on March 1st, 2012 from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/projects/foa_surveillance.htm FDOH. (n.d). Florida Diabetes Prevention and Control programs. Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from http://www.doh.state.fl.us/family/dcp/index.html

  5. Health beliefs and practicesThis population is very susceptible and impressionable. This aggregate group tends to abide by the guardians lifestyle. That lifestyle will primary focus on foods that will be available to the family based on economical, religious, and cultural background. The health beliefs and practices of this at risk population is diverse and ranges depending on every culture.Alternative and complimentary medicineAgain because this population is vast the range of complimentary medicine is also great. Some alternative medicine related to diabetes may include hot and cold therapies, praying therapy, witch doctors, evil eye remedies, bad thoughts, and soul punishment.

  6. Healthy People 2012 ObjectivesNWS-2 Increase the proportion of schools that offer nutritious foods and beverages outside of school meals NWS-6.1Increase the proportion of physician office visits made by patients with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia that include counseling or education related to diet and nutritionD-5 Improve glycemic control among the population with diagnosed diabetes References HHS. (2012). Diabetes-Healthy People 2020. Retrieved on March 1st 2012 from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicId=8 HHS. (2012). Nutrition and Weight Status- Health People 2020. Retrieved on March 1st, 2012 from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicId=29

  7. PLAN OF CARE • Ineffective therapeutic regimen management related to insufficient knowledge as evidence by continued hyperglycemia, confusion regarding the pathophysiology of diabetes. • Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements related to intake in excess of medication coverage as evidence by hyperglycemia and weight gain. • Risk for injury related to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia as evidence by glucose readings and presenting symptoms. References Lewis, S., Heitkemper, M., Dirksen, S., O’Brien, P., Bucher, L., (2007). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems. 7th edition. Chapter 49, p.1253-1289. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby Elsevier Wong, D., Perry, S., Hockenberry, M., Lowdermilk, P. (2006). Maternal Child: Nursing Care. 3rd Edition. Chapter 52, p. 1721-1748. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby Elsevier

  8. Collaborate with local schools to educate students, parents and teachers regarding the prevalence of diabetes, its epidemiology, and lifestyle that affect the disease. • Enlist the assistance of nutritionist and endocrine specialist that can educate the local community regarding food choices and better eating habits as well as optimum BMI across the lifespan. • Collaborate with physical fitness educators to promote and teach safe, fun, outdoor activities for school children that will assist in increasing their physical fitness level during school hours and at home. Primary Interventions

  9. Initiate a screening curriculum in local schools for BMI readings, and wellness check ups. • Collaborate with medical resources, parents and children to teach at risk population regarding nutrition, importance of physical activity, proper blood sugar readings and referral to proper medical specialist. • Initiate a screening for the community related to family history of diabetes mellitus Secondary Prevention

  10. Follow up with at risk population every three months to test A1C (target 7) and medication regiment compliance. • Continue education programs related to nutrition and physical activities for at risk population (Optimum BMI reading for age). • Follow up with risk population for wellness check up that will includes BP, eye exam, feet care, and skin care. Tertiary Prevention

  11. SummaryChildhood diabetes is fast becoming a concern for the health care arena. It is currently one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents (CDC. 2012). The prevalence of this disease can be attributed to poor prenatal care and diabetes in utero, technology, lack of physical activity and constant advertisement of unhealthy foods. One way to assist this at risk population is to become involved as a community. Parents, teachers, and community leaders needs to become aware of the importance of nutrition, physical activity, and medical assistance. By creating programs that teach about the latter topics there can be a tremendous impact in decreasing the epidemic that is childhood diabetes. References CDC. (2011). Surveillance, Natural History, Quality of Care, and Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus with Onset in Childhood and Adolescence. Retrieved on March 1st, 2012 from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/projects/foa_surveillance.htm

  12. ReferencesBoehlke, J. (2011). The increase of obesity and diabetes in children. Retrieved on March 2nd, 2012 from http://www.livestrong.com/article/348940-the-increase-of-obesity-diabetes-in-children/CDC. (2011). Children and Diabetes-more information. Retrieved on March 1st, 2012 from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/projects/cda2.htmCDC. (2011). Surveillance, Natural History, Quality of Care, and Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus with Onset in Childhood and Adolescence. Retrieved on March 1st, 2012 from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/projects/foa_surveillance.htmWong, D., Perry, S., Hockenberry, M., Lowdermilk, P. (2006). Maternal Child: Nursing Care. 3rd Edition. Chapter 52, p. 1721-1748. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby Elsevier FDOH. (n.d). Florida Diabetes Prevention and Control programs. Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from http://www.doh.state.fl.us/family/dcp/index.htmlHHS. (2012). Diabetes-Healthy People 2020. Retrieved on March 1st 2012 from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicId=8HHS. (2012). Nutrition and Weight Status- Health People 2020. Retrieved on March 1st, 2012 from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicId=29Lewis, S., Heitkemper, M., Dirksen, S., O’Brien, P., Bucher, L., (2007). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems. 7th edition. Chapter 49, p.1253-1289. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby ElsevierMayo Clinic. (n.d.). Type 1 Diabetes. Retrieved on March 1st, 2012 from http://www.bing.com/health/article/mayo-MADS00329/Type-1-diabetes?q=type+1+diabetes+mellitus&qpvt=definition+of+type+1+diabetes+mellitusMayo Clinic. (n.d). Type 2 Diabetes. Retrieved on March 1st, 2012 from http://www.bing.com/health/article/mayo-MADS00585/Type-2-diabetes?q=type+2+diabetes+mellitus&qpvt=definition+of+type+2+diabetes+mellitusWong, D., Perry, S., Hockenberry, M., Lowdermilk, P. (2006). Maternal Child: Nursing Care. 3rd Edition. Chapter 52, p. 1721-1748. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby Elsevier

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