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ESRC/ NCRM Training Seminar on Cross-National Research: Research design – scientific and pragmatic rationales for choice of countries, case studies and their contextualisation. An EU qualitative study on housing Deborah Quilgars, Centre for Housing Policy, University of York.
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ESRC/ NCRM Training Seminar on Cross-National Research:Research design – scientific and pragmatic rationales for choice of countries, case studies and their contextualisation An EU qualitative study on housing Deborah Quilgars, Centre for Housing Policy, University of York
Why consider this issue? • Growth in cross-national research • Yet, relatively small body of literature on cross-national research, especially qualitative methods • Challenge greatest for qualitative work? Interpretation across historical, cultural and socio-political contexts…. • There are both scientific and pragmatic choices – need to make these explicit
The research study: aims • Origins of Security and Insecurity (OSIS) -Citizens and Governance Programme (6th Fr) • Housing as site of restructuring – interplay with jobs, household structures, finance, welfare etc • Key aims: • Analyse factors & processes that have impacted on households; • Establish how households perceive patterns of security and insecurity & how affected personal strategies
The research study: methods overview • Two key stages: • Quantitative analyses at macro and micro level • Qualitative work • Qualitative studies • Institutional studies • 30 household interviews in each country, exploring perceptions, attitudes and extent to which housing is a resource and repository of ‘wealth’ • Today mainly focussing on qualitative work
The countries and researchers • Belgium - University of Antwerp • Finland - University of Turku • France - ANIL, Paris • Germany - University of Bremen • Hungary – Metropolitan Research Institute, Budapest • The Netherlands – OTB, Technical University of Delft • Portugal - Centre for Studies for Social Intervention, Lisbon • Sweden - Uppsala University • UK - Universities of Birmingham & York
Choice of countries • Scientific rationale: • selected to enable comparison across different welfare regime types (Esping-Andersen etc) • & different housing markets (renting/ home-owning split etc) • Pragmatic rationale: • Cooperation - previous partnerships • Compromise - availability and interest
Identifying case studies I:Selecting geographical areas • Pragmatism of one case studyin each country: • impossibility of reflecting experiences across localities (the compromise of selecting an ‘average’ area) • location influenced by budget…. (comparing Budapest with York… a compromise) • reality that household responses may have been different if rural areas selected…
Identifying case studies II: Selecting the respondents • How important is it to select the same ‘categories’ of respondents? • Losing the reflection of individual countries but gaining the comparison e.g. ratio of home-owners: renters • Finding the respondents • Same or different recruitment methods?
Contextualisation I • Analysis as the biggest challenge • Importance of agreed analytical framework (and coding frame) • Locating analysis within institutional understanding essential • Layers of analysis = layers of interpretation?... Linguistic issues means analysis of country material not transparent….loss of cultural messages and understandings?
Contextualisation II • Problem of moving from country reports to overview report… Compromise of two countries combining the material…. Could we ask for funds for everyone to be involved? • Risk of ethnocentric focus by leading country/ countries • Cooperation as means of accentuating the advantages & minimising the dangers
Cooperation is all • Direction or over-direction? • Past experience important? • Knowing your fellow researchers • Establishing open methods of communication • Value of virtual meetings
Conclusions • Cross-national research is by its nature a challenge • Cooperation essential and compromise inevitable • … need to be pragmatic but scientific rationale and methods prevail overall, if work hard enough!