Temperate Rainforest

1. Temperate Rainforest By: Mohammed Al-Kuwari 6D

2. Temperate forests grow in regions that have a wide range of climates, and despite the fact there are fewer plant and animals species than in the rainforest, temperate forests are one of the richest habitats on the planet. Temperate forests contain numerous different animals that live within them and even migratory animals

3. Location: The Temperate Rainforest is located in North America.

4. Animals that live in Temperate Rainforest

5. The word "slug" is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusk that has no shell. The slugs are one of the most difficult animals to control. The slime helps it crawl and protects the soft underside from sharp objects. Slug http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/temprain/slug_4823.jpg

6. Blue Grouse Blue Grouse is primarily a species of the northern Rockies, and north-coastal mountains and forests. Its solatedpopulations extend as far south as southern Arizona and New Mexico. Blue Grouse breeds in montane forest communities with relatively open tree canopies, and may occupy adjacent shrub-steppe habitat out to 2 kilometers from the forest edge. Breeding habitat may be dominated by Ponderosa Pine, Douglas-fir, or true fir species, sometimes with an aspen component. This species winters almost exclusively in montane conifer forests, often at high elevations Breeding activities begin in April. Clutches vary greatly in size, up to 10 or more. Territorial males typically return to the same breeding site year after year, and most adult females return to the same general areas chosen as yearlings Nests are always on the ground with some overhead cover, usually placed under shrubs, rock overhangs, logs or stumps. Nests may also occur at the base of large trees with no immediate cover in older mature forests. In fall and winter, the diet consists largely of conifer needles; leaves, flowers and berries may be consumed in summer. http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/temprain/blue_grouse_5085.jpg

7. Clark's nutcracker They use their dagger-like bills to rip into pine cones and pull out large seeds, which they stash in a pouch under their tongue and then carry away to bury for the winter. The Clark's Nutcracker has a special pouch under its tongue that it uses to carry seeds long distances. The nutcracker harvests seeds from pine trees and takes them away to hide them for later use. http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/temprain/clark's_nutcracker_5377.jpg

8. Plants That Live in Temperate Rainforest

9. Queens Cup These flowers like the shaded habitat of the forest floor the most, but are also seen along rivers and streams which are thick with brush. Their northern limit is the Yukon and can be seen as far south as California, their boundary to the east are the Cascade Mountains in Washington. The Queen's Cup beautiful star shaped white flowers appear during late May to July. After the blooming period a single blue berry appears on top of the slender stalk which are poisonous to humans. http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/temprain/temperate_rainforest_5011.jpg

10. Bunchberry The bunchberry has red berries in the summer but dries up in the fall. When the berry dries up it feels crunchy. These red crunchy berries contain the seeds for next year's plant. This is how the plant reproduces itself. Birds like the berries, so they eat the berries, and the seeds are scattered through the birds's droppings. Before the berries are on the plant the bunchberry has a white flower. The petals shoot out pollen into the air. From this berries are produced. And from here the seeds are made to start the new plant. http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/temprain/temperate_rainforest_4979.jpg

11. RedColumbine Red columbine is pollinated by hummingbirds, which may depend on the plant as an important nectar source. In addition, at least four bee species have been found to be effective pollinators of red columbine in southeastern Wisconsin and northwards. http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/temprain/columbine_up.jpg Red columbine is found in dry to mesic or even low woods, especially along borders or clearings of oak-hickory, oak-maple and maple basswood forests, black-oak savannas, cedar glades, pine woods, and mixed conifer hardwood forests. It can also be found on wooded to open rocky hillsides, bluffs, calcareous cliffs, outcrops, ledges, banks, beach ridges, gravelly shorelines, roadsides, quarries, and peat bogs.

12. Temperate Rainforest Abiotic Factors Temperate rain forests are found on the western coast of North and South America, along the Pacific Ocean. They are cooler and drier than tropical rain forests. Abiotic factors, or nonliving factors, of a temperate rain forest include temperature, water, cloud cover, soil and light. These abiotic factors interact with biotic, or living factors, to form the rain forest's unique ecosystem. Abiotic factors influence what type of living organisms survive in temperate rain forests. Much of the sunlight is blocked by the frequent clouds and fog. Even when the sky is clear, the tall canopy of the rain forest blocks much of the sunlight from reaching the forest floor. This factor, combined with the high precipitation, creates a dark and humid forest floor. Insects, mushrooms and fungi thrive in the temperate rain forests. http://img.ehowcdn.com/article-new/ehow/images/a07/nh/4q/abiotic-factors-temperate-rain-forest-800x800.jpg

13. Human Activities That Affect Temperate Rainforest Although temperate forests are found in many latitudes between the polar circles and the tropics, the temperate rain forests are restricted to small areas where rainfall levels lay between 200 and 400 cm. Farming, mining, hunting, logging and urbanization are some of the human activities that have affected negatively this biome, resulting in biodiversity loss, pollution, deforestation and habitat loss and fragmentation. http://www.greenpeace.org/new-zealand/Global/international/planet-2/image/2002/10/clearcutting-of-canada-s-tempe.jpg http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/ShadowySESEBobSteveMVmay08-600x423.jpg

14. Why Do these Activities Happen in Temperate Rainforest? Since the timber companies have been running into difficulties in the U.S., they have been turning to other countries where the laws are more in their favor. Illegal logging has soared over the past decade, especially since borders opened after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Hunting is another factor of human activities that effects the habitat of animals in the temperate rainforest. People and hunters kill animals for food and for fun. Even species which are endangered are being illegally hunted causing the loss of rarely found animals.

15. My Opinion: Hunting and logging are human activities that is being practiced by people loggers and hunters in a Temperate Rainforest. People use logging and hunting as a means of livelihood. However, people tend not to care about the biome. Most of them kill animals all though it is not for important reasons affecting the animals and plant habitat. In my opinion, hunting and logging are considerable if they take care of the eco-system. Consequently, if they do it for fun then it is never a good effect on the biome especially if it effects the life of some endangered plants and animals.

16. What can be done to prevent the bad human activities? As our population expands so does the need for areas to live. Humans have contributed to the loss of our forest areas by cutting down trees that are home to many animals and wildlife. The trees in our forests also help contribute to our water cycle and plants in our forest prevent soil erosion. Unfortunately, due to deforestation, the planet's forests have shrunk by half its area in the past 11,000 years. Wildlife that call our forests and bodies of water home are being affected by the pollution we create. Some species are even close to extinction. People should hunt and cut trees by taking into considerations the habitat of endangered animals and plants that live in the temperate rainforest so that the eco-system will not be in danger by their bad human activities.

17. http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/temprain.htm http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/insect/05515.html http://nmpartnersinflight.org/bluegrouse.html http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Clarks_Nutcracker/lifehistory http://www.sierraclub.bc.ca/education/ecomap/southern-interior-mountains/2queenscup http://partner.galileo.org/schools/bpeak/plants/bunchberries.html http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_aqca.pdf http://www.ehow.com/info_8111258_abiotic-factors-temperate-rain-forest.html http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~sustain/bio65/lec15/b65lec15.htm http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/How_Do_Humans_Affect_the_Environment Bibliography

18. The End By: Mohammed Al-Kuwari 6D 