December 6 th 2011

1. December 6th 2011 Human Beginnings in Africa

2. We are going to use textbook to read, discuss, and take notes! Please turn to page 200 in textbook!

3. Objectives • 3.03 Examine the development and use of tools and technologies and assess their influence on the human ability to use, modify, or adapt to their environment. • 12.01 Examine the major belief systems in selected regions of Africa, Asia, and Australia, and analyze their impact on cultural values, practices, and institutions.

4. Essential Question What is the nature of an extended family in African Society? The extended family of Africa consists of as many as five generations of relatives and spouses who all obey a single leader. This large family works together, protects its members from outsiders, and cares for its weakest members.

5. Fossil Remains of early life preserved in the ground

6. Hominid A human primate; an early human (a.k.a. Jake Ratt’s ancestors )

7. bipedal Walking on two feet

8. Read pages 202 and take notes using your journal • Note important discoveries • Stone age

9. Griots • West African storyteller

10. One generation of Africans passes information to the next by telling stories. • Griots need a good memory because some of the best stories about ancestors and other heroes go on for hours or even days. Griots usually accompany their stories with music. Today many popular griots perform on television and record their stories on CDs.

11. Homework Assignment • Objective: to explore West Africa griots storytelling • Directions: Students need to work alone to create a brief story that they can memorize as a griot would and tell in one minute. You must first commit to your story by writing it down, and then you must do your best to memorize it. You will turn in your story to me tomorrow before you share it with the class by memory. You may include visuals and music with your story while presenting it.

12. Examples of one minute traditional West African folklore

13. The Gift of a Cow Tail Switch A West African Tale A great warrior did not return from the hunt. His family gave him up for dead, all except his youngest child who each day would ask, "Where is my father? Where is my father?" The child's older brothers, who were magicians, finally went forth to find him. They came upon his broken spear and a pile of bones. The first son assembled the bones into a skeleton; the second son put flesh upon the bones; the third son breathed life into the flesh. The warrior arose and walked into the village where there was great celebration. He said, "I will give a fine gift to the one who has brought me back to life." Each one of his sons cried out, "Give it to me, for I have done the most." "I will give the gift to my youngest child," said the warrior. "For it is this child who saved my life. A man is never truly dead until he is forgotten!"

14. Why Turtles Live In Water A Tale from West Africa Turtles used to live on the land, they say, until the time a clever turtle was caught by some hunters. They brought him to their village and placed the turtle before the Chief, who said, "How shall we cook him?" "You'll have to kill me first," said the turtle, "and take me out of this shell." "We'll break your shell with sticks," they said. "That'll never work," said the turtle, "Why don't you throw me in the water and drown me?!" "Excellent idea," said the Chief. They took the turtle to the river and threw him into the water to drown him. They were congratulating themselves on their success in drowning the turtle, when two little green eyes poked up in the water and the laughing turtle said, "Don't get those cooking pots out too fast, foolish people! As he swam away he said, "I think I'll spend most of my time from now on, safely in the water." It has been that way ever since!

15. One Good Meal Deserves Another ATale from West Africa Anansi the Spider hated to share! When Turtle came to his house at mealtime, he said, "I can't give you food until you've washed your dusty feet!" Turtle licked his lips when he saw the big plate of steaming food, but politely walked to the stream to wash. When he returned, the plate was empty. "Good meal," Anansi said, patting his full stomach. "One good meal deserves another!" said Turtle. "Come to my house for dinner tomorrow." Turtle fixed a fine dinner at the bottom of the river. "Come on down and eat!" he said. Anansi filled his jacket pockets with stones so that he would be weighted down enough to stay at the river's bottom and eat. "It's impolite to wear a jacket to dinner!" Turtle said, "Take it off!" But when greedy Anansi took off his jacket, he floated back up to the surface of the water and hungrily watched Turtle eat his fill!

16. Hunting for Fossils • Although Africa may be better known for its human fossil finds, scientists are also digging for other-and older-fossils that date from 200 million to 300 million years ago, before the supercontinent known as Pangea broke apart.

17. What are some of the important discoveries made about early humans? Talk about it with a partner

18. Possible answers: • Language • Making and using tools • Controlling fire • Walking upright

19. Finding Main Ideas: • What are the traits that scientists believe indicate that a fossil is an ancestor to modern humans? (Walking on two feet, using tools, using language)

20. Is the use of stone tools enough to define a species as human? Talk About It

21. Talk About It Yes: Only humans have the intelligence to use tools, so any species using them must be a direct ancestor; No: Species not in our direct line, such as chimpanzees, have also been observed using basic tools.

22. Characteristics of African Societies • Beliefs and values • Today many Africans are Muslims or Christians • Traditional African religions maintain that an all-powerful God created everything. • Africans also believe that spirits exist in animals, plants, natural forces, and ancestors, and idea called animism.