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Understanding the Respiratory System: Functions, Structure, Disorders

Learn about the human respiratory system, including its functions, structure, and common disorders like bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema. Explore the pathway of air from the nasal cavity to the alveoli and understand how breathing is regulated. Discover the importance of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the alveoli.

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Understanding the Respiratory System: Functions, Structure, Disorders

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  1. The Respiratory System Mr. Lane

  2. Review of Cellular Respiration: • Requirements: • Glucose • O2 • The O2 needed for Cellular Respiration is obtained by the respiratory system through the process of breathing.

  3. The Respiratory System

  4. Function of the Human Respiratory System: A network of passages that allow gases to pass from the external environment to the internal surfaces of the lungs.

  5. The pathway of air…

  6. The Nasal Cavity • Exposed to air through nostrils. • Lined with cilia (small hairs) and mucous membranes which______, _______, and ______ air. • Filter • Warm • Moisten

  7. The Pharynx & Larynx • The oral and nasal cavity meet at the pharynx, which is more commonly referred to as the throat. • The pharynx contains the Larynx, where the voice box and vocal cords are located.

  8. The Trachea • Also referred to as the “windpipe.” • Held open by rings of cartilage. • Cilia and mucus line the trachea in order to trap microscopic particles. • Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the epiglottis.

  9. The Bronchi & Bronchioles The Bronchi • 2 main branches of the trachea. • Lined with mucus and ringed with cartilage. The Bronchioles • Many subdivisions • Lined with mucus • NO CARTILAGE.

  10. The Alveoli • Site of gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. • O2 out of the alveoli • CO2 into the alveoli • QUESTION: What type of blood vessel is holding the blood being exchanged? • The walls of the alveoli and capillaries are so thin that the gases can easily diffuse out of one and directly into the other.

  11. Think of it like a tree! Tree Trunk: Trachea Large Branches: Bronchi Smaller Branches: Bronchioles Leaves: Alveoli

  12. The Path of Air Nasal Cavity– air is filtered, warmed, and moistened. Pharynx – intersection of paths for food and air. Larynx (Voice Box) Trachea (Windpipe) – food blocked by epiglottis Bronchi (2) Bronchioles (many) Alveoli (millions) – site of gas exchange

  13. Regulation of Breathing Breathing Rates are controlled by the Medullain the brain. When a large amount of CO2 is detected, the Medulla sends a signal to the diaphragm to contract. The contraction of the diaphragm causes the lungs to expand and breathing to occur.

  14. The Diaphragm • Dome-shaped sheet of muscle located directly below the lungs. • Inhalation: • Lungs/Chest expand • Diaphragm contracts • Exhalation: • Lungs/Chest contract • Diaphragm relaxes

  15. Malfunctions of the Respiratory System Bronchitis Asthma Emphysema occur.

  16. Bronchitis • The mucus membrane in the bronchial passages becomes inflamed. • Narrows/shuts down airway • Cause: Lung infections caused by viruses, pollution, smoking, etc. • Treatment: Rest, fluids, avoiding smoke and fumes.

  17. Asthma • Chronic lung disease that enflames and narrows the airways. • Results in wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. • Cause: genetic, increased risk of allergies, environmental exposure. • Treatment: avoiding trigger, inhaled corticosteroids.

  18. Emphysema Alveoli are severely damaged and air pockets develop resulting in airflow limitation (trouble breathing in and out). Cause: Cigarette smoking / second hand smoke. Treatment: No cure; medications or direct oxygen supply can limit the effects.

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