M. K. Ejiri 1 , T. Nakamura 1 , T. D. Kawahara 2 , K. Shiokawa 3 , M. Tsutsumi 4

1. MESOSPHERE AND LOWER-THERMOSPHERE (MLT) OBSERVATION BY SODIUM TEMPERATURE LIDAR NEAR SHIGARAKI IN JAPAN (34.9N, 136.1E) M. K. Ejiri1, T. Nakamura1, T. D. Kawahara2, K. Shiokawa3, M. Tsutsumi4 1Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, mitsumu@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp, nakamura@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp 2Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1, Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan, kawahara@cs.shinshu-u.ac.jp 3Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, 3-13, Honohara, Toyokawa, Aichi 442-8507, Japan, shiokawa@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp 4National Institute of Polar Research, 1-9-10, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8515, Japan, tutumi@uap.nipr.ac.jp

2. Abstract Na temperature lidar of Shinshu University was installed at Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH) Kyoto University at Uji that is located about 25 km east from the Shigaraki MU observatory. The Na lidar has been operated several nights per month since August, 2007, and we obtained temperature and Na density profiles for 91 nights (787 hours). In this study, we introduce our Na temperature lidar observation and show time variations of temperature and Na density over Japan. We also show a remarkable sporadic Na layer (Nas) event that was obtained for 15-17 UT on October 20, 2007 (0-2 LT on 21). During the event, observed temperature was also enhanced at the same altitudes as sporadic Na layer.

3. Optical observation near the MU radar OMTI;（K.Shiokawa) 1998- FPI, All-sky imager, SATI, Photometer Na temp. lidar (T.Kawahara) 2005 - Rayleigh/Raman lidar (T.Nakamura) 2000- MIADI (Michelson Interferometer for Airglow Dynamics Imaging )by W.Ward) 2008 +

4. Na Temperature Lidar (Shinshu University) at Uji Transmitter • Wavelength 589 nm • Leaser NdYAG • Pulse energy < 30 mJ • Pulse width ~20 nsec • Repetition rate 10 Hz Receiver • Telescope f 0.5 m Dall-Kirkham Cassegrain • Aperture Area 0.20 m2 • F.O.V. 1-2 mrad • I.Filter FWHM3.0± 0.2 nm • Spatial Resolution 96 m (gate width 0.64msec) • Temporal Resolution 6 min

5. . P X m E n 9 8 5 J m 0 3 O B . B C . P 4 / l . L . . C P . P J 2 4 m / / l l 0 0 l/2 1 image relay . L f=400mm . P r e ) c m u 4 . m d / l 5 M e . . r D 2 ( . m e l M a . o e D h b n s i P n l/2 e l l/2 . p m s A n 4 e l / l . % L 0 . 7 P = R J m n 0 . l a i 2 o P s r 3 o s X t . z u n E C e . a i o G p O c Seed laser Seed laser (1319nm ) (1064nm ) fiber coupler fiber coupler shutter shutter y r y r a o a o t d d t a a l a a r l o r wavemeter a o s a I F s F I Transmitter F.O.V. 1~2 mrad Telescope Counter Board PMT Receiver

6. Observation 91 nights 787 hours

7. Recent Results

8. Time variation of Na Density@ Uji

9. Time variation of temperature@ Uji

10. Ft. Collins (41N, 105W) Uji (34.9N, 135.8E) SOR (35.0N, 106.5W) Figure 1. Locations of observation sites. Uji, Ft. Collins, and Starfire Optical Range (SOR) are located at the similar altitude (~35-41N).

11. @ Ft. Collins [She et al., 2000]

12. (a) Ft. Collins (41N, 105W) 1990 - 1999 [She et al., 2000] (b) Starfire Optical Range (SOR) (35.0N, 106.5W) Jun. 1998 - Nov. 2000 [Chu et al., 2005]

13. Sporadic Na (Nas) • Date: 21 October, 2007 • Time: 11 – 17 UT (20:00 – 2:00 LT) • Altitudes: 101 – 95 km • High temperature was observed at Nas altitudes.

14. Sporadic Na (Nas)

15. Sporadic Na (Nas)

16. Transportation • Date: 9 December, 2007 • Time: 10 – 21 UT (19:00 – 6:00 LT) • Altitudes: 100 – 85 km

17. Transportation OI observed by a photometer

18. Summary • Observation • Na density • Temperature • Nas • Future works • The Na lidar will operate to get one full year’s data. • seasonal dependency • latitudinal and longitudinal differences

20. Recent Results

21. Recent Results

22. Sporadic Na (Nas)

25. Comparison (preliminary result)

26. Climatology of Na Density@ Uji

27. Climatology of Temperature@ Uji

28. Seasonal Variation of Na Density

29. Seasonal Variation of Na Density

30. Seasonal Variation of Temperature