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POSt -Classical Civilization in SUB- SAHARAn Africa

POSt -Classical Civilization in SUB- SAHARAn Africa. Tribes = based on kinship Led by chief or king Military commander, chief priest, head judge, lawmaker council of elders = advise Religion Ancestor worship & animism Secret societies Educate children in tribe’s customs

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POSt -Classical Civilization in SUB- SAHARAn Africa

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  1. POSt-Classical Civilization in SUB-SAHARAn Africa

  2. Tribes = based on kinship • Led by chief or king • Military commander, chief priest, head judge, lawmaker • council of elders = advise • Religion • Ancestor worship & animism • Secret societies • Educate children in tribe’s customs • Limit ruler’s authority • Settle disputes & enforce punishments • Little crime; wealth = many friends & children • Family • Husband pays bride price • Polygamy = multiple wives Commonalities IN African Society

  3. First Christian kingdom in Africa • Culturally isolated • Unique Christian faith • Faced constant threat by Muslim invaders • King Lalibela (1200s) • Sponsored church construction sculpted from rock • Dynasty began in which kings claimed descent from King Solomon • Continued until 1900s. Ethiopia (1200-1400S)

  4. ETHIOPIA: LALIBELA

  5. Lalibela

  6. Post-classical African Trade

  7. MALI

  8. Founded by the Malinke people • Known for = commerce, bureaucracy, scholarship • Key to success = agriculture & trade • Caravan trade across Sahara • Contact with Muslim merchants • Conversion to Islam • Mainly merchants & rulers • Convert in order to gain stature among Arab states • Others = mix Islamic with local religion • Timbuktu = capital Mali: 1230-1468

  9. 1st great Malian king • Known as “Lion Prince” • Ruled 1230-1255 A.D. • Took title of “Mansa” = “emperor” • strong military leader • Unified state  Mali • Established social arrangements • Secured kingdom • Griots = oral historians & king’s advisors MALI: SUNDIATA

  10. Reigned 1312-1337 A.D. • Made Hajj to Mecca • 15,000 people in his party • 500 slaves carred gold • gave so much gold away that he caused inflation in Egypt for a decade • Brought back muslim architect = construct mosques • Empire declined with Musa’s death Mali: Mansa Musa

  11. Major trading hub: • Gold, slaves, salt • Center of Islamic learning • 150 schools • Library • Home of merchants, artisans, & scholars • Religious & ethnic toleration Mali: Timbuktu

  12. Mali: Timbuktu SANKORE MOSQUE

  13. Mali: Great mosque At Djenne

  14. MaLI: Great Mosque at DJENNE

  15. Rises from w/in Mali • independence = c1370s • Gained power under Sunni Ali (military might) • wealth = gold trade DECLINE: -ATTACKED BY MUSLIMS FROM MOROCCO (1591 AD) -INTERNAL REVOLT AGAINST RULERS SONGHAY SUNNI ALI

  16. The Swahili Coast

  17. East coast of Africa (Zanj) • Arab traders • Established cities • Mogadishu, Kilwa, Zanzibar • Influence African culture • merchants adopt Islam • Increase demand for interior’s products • Swahili culture: • Mix of Arab & African life • ex.Language, architecture, dress Swahili Coast

  18. Dhows near Zanzibar

  19. Swahili Coast

  20. Yoruba • Nigeria (small city-states, ie. Ile-Ife) • Unclear origins • Regional kings (divine w/civil powers) • Terra cotta & bronze busts (post 1200 CE) • Benin • East of Yoruba • Formed in 14th C • “Oba” = ruler • Bronze and ivory art Yoruba & BEnin

  21. Yoruba & Benin Ife, Nigeria (12th-15th C.

  22. Begins c.13th-15th C • Confederation of small states • Control by “manikongo” (king) • Farming & cattle-herding • “zimbabwe” = stone house (for ruler & sub-chiefs) • Best example is “Great Zimbabwe” • 1400s – led by MweneMutapa • Controlled interior’s gold • Split apart by internal divisions & rebellion Kongo: Great Zimbabwe

  23. Great Zimbabwe

  24. GREAT ZIMBABWE

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