LIFE and its VARIOUS IDIOSYNCRACIES

1. LIFE and its VARIOUS IDIOSYNCRACIES muahahaha

2. Atoms Chemical Level molecules cells Cellular Level tissue Tissue Level Organ Organ Level Organ System Organismal Level Organism

3. Life’s Functions….ooh • Protect Your Insides!!! • Skin (from the integumentary system): Protects your organs from drying out and from being exposed to harmful external factors such as bacteria, heat, and chemicals. • Cells: Must be able to properly regulate what stays/comes in and what goes out or is kept out of its membrane. • 2. Movement • The muscles in the muscular system pull on the bones in the skeletal system in order to manipulate the movement of limbs, fingers etc. The muscles also control facial expression. • Movement within organ systems (ex: blood being pumped in the cardiovascular system) that allow the systems to function properly.

4. 3. Responsiveness • Ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment (scientific term = stimuli). The nervous system plays a principal role in warning the body of any such stimuli. • 4. Digestion • The breaking down of foods intomolecules via the digestive system that are absorbed into the blood and distributed to all body cells via the cardiovascular system. • Metabolism • The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in living cells (or in an organism). Anabolic: building up molecules to form more complex structures; Catabolic: breaking down of complex structures into molecules/ simpler structures followed by the release of energy.

5. 6. Excretion • The removal of wastes from the body with help of the digestive system (indigestibles--feces) and the urinary system (nitrogenous wastes—urine). • 7. Reproduction • Cellular reproduction: 1 cell divides into 2 cells. • Organismal reproduction: reproductive system • 8. Growth • Cells reproduce and keep on building up in order for body structures to grow.

6. Organ Systems Integumentary System (skin) • Waterproofs body • Protects deeper tissues • Perspiration- excretes salts and urea to regulate body temperature • Skin • pain receptors • temperature • pressure • Skeletal System • bones- store minerals • cartilage • ligaments • joints • supports body and provides a frame • hematopoiesis: formation of blood cells (inside cavities of skeleton)

7. Muscular System • movement muscles contract • “machines” of the body • Muscle attached to bone • Different from hollow organs like the heart which moves fluids throughout the body • Nervous System • Brain • Spinal cord • Nerves • Sensory preceptors- senses changes and sends signals (through electrical signals) to the brain and spinal cord • Lymphatic system • Organs: • -Lymphatic vessels- constantly keep blood circulating throughout the body • -Lymph nodes- cleanse body and store immunity cells • -Spleen • -Tonsils

8. Endocrine System • Produces hormones and releases them into the bloodstream which are then sent different organs • Glands: • -Pituitary • -Thyroid • -Parathyroid • -Adrenals • -Thymus • -Pancreas • -Pineal • -Ovaries (female) and testes (male) • Hormones regulate processes • Respiratory system: • keeps body supplied with oxygen • removes carbon dioxide • consists of: • -nasal passages • -pharynx • -larynx • -tracheas • -bronchi • -lungs

9. Digestive System • organs: • oral cavity • esophagus • stomach • small and large intestines • rectum • break down foods and deliver nutrients into the bloodstream • undigested food leaves body through anus as feces • after the breakdown of food is completed in the small intestine, water must be reclaimed • liver • bile- breaks down fats • pancreas • delivers digestive enzymes to the to small intestine

10. Cardiovascular System • Heart pumps blood into the blood vessels, which transports the stuff in the blood to tissue cells, which then exchanges stuff with the blood vessels which transports the blood back to the heart. Then the cycle repeats continuously. • Stuff = oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, nutrients, hormones. On the first trip, the blood sends oxygen, nutrients (the good stuff) to the tissue cells. It’s on the return trip that the wastes are picked up from the blood so that it can be disposed of. • -Arteries carry blood away from heart and into the capillaries. The blood then returns to the heart via the veins.

11. Urinary System • nitrogen containing waste • urea and uric acid- result of the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acid during digestion • removes nitrogen containing waste from the blood which is then released from the body in urine • regulates acid-base balance of blood and the balance of water and salt • organs: • kidneys • ureters • bladder • urethra • Reproductive System • produce offspring • Male reproductive system: • Testes-produce sperm • Scrotum • Penis accessory glands • Duct system- carries sperm out of the body • Female reproductive system: • Ovaries- produces eggs (ova) • Uterine tubes • Uterus- where the development of a fetus occurs • Vagina

12. Go to these links for pictures!!!! • http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/skin.html Skin • http://www.stpeters.k12.nf.ca/skeletal_system.htm Skeletal System • http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/modmuscularsys3.jpg Muscular System • http://www.infovisual.info/03/038_en.html Nervous System • http://www.umm.edu/endocrin/images/endocrine.gif Endocrine System • http://www.worldinvisible.com/images/apolog/body/bloodjci.gif cardiovascular system • http://www.gorhams.dk/assets/images/lymfesystemet.gif Lymphatic System • http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/humrespsys_1.gif Respiratory System • http://www.umm.edu/digest/images/digest.gif Digestive System • http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/urinarysys10.jpg Urinary System • http://www.uh.edu/~tgill2/image008.jpg and http://www.uh.edu/~tgill2/image010.jpg for female & male Reproductive Systems

13. sources • http://www.answers.com/topic/metabolism • http://yucky.kids.discovery.com/noflash/body/pg000131.html • http://yucky.kids.discovery.com/flash/body/pg000123.html • http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/respiration.html • Google!