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The Cell: Anatomy & Division Pg. 30

The Cell: Anatomy & Division Pg. 30. Goals for Today: 1. Learn the anatomy of cells 2. Learn the function of each cell part 3. Become familiar with Mitosis. PRACTICAL 1 IS NEXT WEEK !!!!!!!!!. Homework. Pg. 525 #1, 3 Pg. 526 #4 Pg. 527 #8, 9 Pg. 528 #11, 12. What is a Cell?.

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The Cell: Anatomy & Division Pg. 30

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  1. The Cell: Anatomy & Division Pg. 30 Goals for Today: 1. Learn the anatomy of cells 2. Learn the function of each cell part 3. Become familiar with Mitosis PRACTICAL 1 IS NEXT WEEK !!!!!!!!!

  2. Homework Pg. 525 #1, 3 Pg. 526 #4 Pg. 527 #8, 9 Pg. 528 #11, 12

  3. What is a Cell? Cells are the structural unit of the body. Form the tissues

  4. The Diversity of Cells Epithelial Cells Red Blood Cells Gametes Skeletal muscle cells Cartilage cells

  5. Cell Anatomy – The Plasma Membrane Separates the cell from outside environment Has selective permeability

  6. Selective Permeability Bouncer lets some people into the bar, but not all people

  7. Cellular Anatomy - Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains the DNA Surrounded by a nuclear membrane

  8. Cell Anatomy - Cytoplasm Contents of cell outside the nucleus Contains the organelles

  9. The Organelles The machinery of the cell Enable cells to perform functions Ex: produce ATP, create proteins Kitchen Cell Organelles Nucleus

  10. Organelles – The Ribosome Location of protein synthesis Found free-floating or attached to endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)

  11. Organelles – Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER stores and transports proteins made on the ribosomes

  12. Organelles – Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER creates steroids and lipids

  13. Organelles – The Golgi Apparatus Flattened sacs that package proteins for export out of the cell.

  14. Organelles – Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes Digest foreign substances entering the cell

  15. Organelles – The Peroxisome Contains the catalase enzyme Controls the accumulation of H2O2 in body

  16. Organelles – Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Produces ATP through breakdown of glucose

  17. Cells Need to Reproduce • Growth • 2. Replace old, worn out cells

  18. The Cell Cycle

  19. Cell spends most of its time in this phase DNA in long strands called “chromatin” Nuclear envelope intact DNA replication occurs during the S Stage Interphase

  20. Mitosis • Division of the cell nucleus • One cell splits into 2 identical daughter cells • 4 stages • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

  21. Chromatin shortens into chromosomes Chromosomes made up of 2 threads called “Sister Chromatids” held together at the centromere Prophase

  22. (S Phase) Centromere

  23. Prophase • Nuclear envelope breaks apart • Sister chromatids migrate to center of cell

  24. Sister Chromatids line up in center of cell along the “metaphase plate” Mitotic Spindle present Metaphase

  25. Centromere of sister chromatid splits Each chromosome is pulled to opposite end of the cell by the mitotic spindle Anaphase

  26. Chromosomal movement stops Chromosomes uncoil into thin chromatin Nuclear envelope reappears Cytokinesis occurs Telophase

  27. Cytokinesis • Division of the cytoplasm in a cell • Cleavage furrow squeezes cells apart • Formation of two identical daughter cells Daughter Cell Cleavage Furrow Daughter Cell

  28. Mitosis vs. Meiosis vs. Cytokinesis Mitosis: Division of the NUCLEUS in the cell Meiosis: Nuclear division of gametes (egg,sperm) Cytokinesis: Division of CYTOPLASM at the end of Mitosis

  29. Which stage of Mitosis are these cells in?

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