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Brain-Computer Interfaces

Brain-Computer Interfaces. Mrs.V.Priya Assistant Professor Department of CSE PSNACET. What are BCI?. Brain-computer interfaces are direct pathways of communication between the brain and some external device. Robotic arms. History.

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Brain-Computer Interfaces

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  1. Brain-Computer Interfaces Mrs.V.Priya Assistant Professor Department of CSE PSNACET

  2. What are BCI? • Brain-computer interfaces are direct pathways of communication between the brain and some external device. • Robotic arms

  3. History • 1924 – Invention of Electroencephalography (EEG, Hans Berger) • Identified “brain waves”, led to brain mapping • 1969 – UWash School of Medicine “showed monkeys could control biofeedback meter arm with neural activity [2]” • 1970s – research into teaching monkeys to control their firing patterns and get rewards • Developed algorithms for neural firing patterns • 1980s – found a relationship function(cosine-based) for electrical responses and corresponding movement in rhesus macaque monkeys

  4. Medical Rehabilitation Uses • Brain damaged by stroke • BCI used to teach patient how to move muscles to which the brain has forgotten how to control

  5. Communication • Communication with patients that have motor-neural disabilities • Locked-In Syndrome • Attach patient to BCI, output as cursor movement

  6. Gaming • Mindflex – EEG controlled obstacle course (2007) • OCZ Technology (2008) created a device for playing games controlled by EMG • NeuroSky – Star Wars Force Trainer (2009)

  7. Invasive(I) BCI • Most accurate signal • Accuracy fades over time • Damage to the brain, bodies defenses attack foreign object, scar tissue • Most risky • Can cause damage to brain, leaves brain exposed

  8. Non-Invasive(NI) BCI • Less accurate signal • Cranium alters the signals that are picked up from the brain, can cause problems • Less risky • Brain isn’t exposed, less risk to overall health

  9. Partially Invasive BCI • More accurate than NI-BCI, more risky • Less accurate than I-BCI, less risky • Placed under the skull, but not in the brain • Electrocorticography, like non-invasive EEG • This technique was used when the neural differences between vowels and consonants were discovered

  10. Ethical Considerations • How can you obtain consent for a BCI from someone that can’t communicate? • Do the benefits outweigh the risks? • What happens if someone wants to keep a thought secret and BCI detects it? • What is the limit of what we will do with BCI? • Could people use BCI to interrogate someone?

  11. Future • Gaming • Remote control through the brain of devices • Internet access for the brain • Neural controlled prosthetics

  12. References • Andersson P, Pluim J, Viergever M, Ramsey N. Navigation of a Telepresence Robot via Covert Visuospatial Attention and Real-time fMRI. <www.springlink.com/conttent/41458747m3t57461/fulltext.pdf> • Wikipedia: Brain-Computer Interfaces. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-computer_interface> • Kaufmann T, Völker S, Gunesch L, Kübler A. Spelling is Just a Click Away- A User-Centred Brain-Computer Interface Including Auto-Calibration and Predictive Text Entry. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3400942/> • Kübler A, Neumann N. Brain Computer Interfaces—the Key for the Conscious Brain Locked in a Paralyzed Body. <www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16186045>

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