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SEWAGE SLUDGE DISPOSAL TO THE SEA

SEWAGE SLUDGE DISPOSAL TO THE SEA. NEGATIVE IMPACTS. Definition of marine pollution. The introduction carried out by man, to the marine environment, of substances or energy that cause harmful effects, risks to the human health, damage to the flora and the fauna, decreasing it rightful use. .

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SEWAGE SLUDGE DISPOSAL TO THE SEA

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  1. SEWAGE SLUDGE DISPOSAL TO THE SEA NEGATIVE IMPACTS

  2. Definition of marine pollution • The introduction carried out by man, to the marine environment, of substances or energy that cause harmful effects, risks to the human health, damage to the flora and the fauna, decreasing it rightful use.

  3. Principal problems that cause the marine pollution • Pollution by the port marine activity • Pollution caused by the erosion • Pollution because of the inappropriate fishing exploitation • Pollution caused by the modification of the coastal line • Pollution caused by the pouring of wastewaters (urban and industrial) • Pollution caused by the pouring of the solid wastes (urban and industrial)

  4. The sewage sludge composition depends on: • Wastewaters characteristics (domestics and industrials) • Wastewaters treatment process • Sludge treatment process (with or without digestion, drying beds, mechanic drying, etc.)

  5. Sludge composition • Organic matter content • Nutritious content • Inert content (sand, slime, clay) • Pollutants concentration (heavy metals, PCBs) • Microorganisms concentration

  6. Typical sludge composition

  7. Waste loads coming from domestic sources of the Great Caribbean Region divided in Sub-regions (miles tons/year)PAC Technical Report  No. 33 1994

  8. Poured sludge to the sea

  9. Problems associated to de current treatment systems • Bad operation of the wastes treatment plants. • Inadequate treatment and disposal of the sludge. • Lack of the standards for sludge management. • Lack of technical expertise and research facilities for sewage management.

  10. With reutilization Fertilizer in the agriculture Compost production Lombricultura Recuperation of out lands Soils filler use Energetic potential use Sludge disposal

  11. Without reutilization In the surroundings of the wastes treatment plants or stabilization ponds. Landfills, when the sludge is previously dried. Directly to the sea. Sludge disposal (Cont.)

  12. Principal impacts caused by the sludge pouring to the sea • Decreasing of the dissolved oxygen in the water due to the increment of the mineral salts content. • Eutrophisation process due to a fertilizers overload because of the nutritious content. • Damage to the corals and other species due to the inert concentration. • Production of unpleasant odor and esthetic problems.

  13. Principal impacts caused by the sludge pouring to the sea (Cont.) • Affectation because of the heavy metals content, specially of the wastes coming from the industrial sector. • Existence of pathogen microorganisms affecting the biota. • Affectation to the health of the personnel that carry out the sludge management (pathogens y emissions).

  14. Death Zone of the Mexico Gulf

  15. Economic losses caused by the red tides in the fishing and aquicultureSource: Worlwatch Institute 1999.

  16. END

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